Imikoreshereze y'ibipimo by'amazi ya elegitoroniki mu gupima amazi yangiritse

Gupima ibinyabutabire byangiza, nka aside, alkali, n'ibinyabutabire byangiza, biteza imbogamizi zikomeye mu nganda bitewe n'uko byangiza ibikoresho by'ibikoresho. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi (EMFs), bishingiye ku ihame rya Faraday ryo gupima amashanyarazi, byagaragaye nk'igisubizo cyizewe kuri iki kibazo. Imiterere yabyo idahungabanya ibidukikije, guhuza n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi byangiza, hamwe n'ubuziranenge bwo gupima cyane bituma biba ingenzi mu nganda aho ibidukikije bikomeye bya shimi bikunze kugaragara. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma ibyiza byihariye bya EMFs mu gupima ibinyabutabire byangiza, ikoreshwa ryabyo mu nganda z'ingenzi, n'iby'ingenzi kugira ngo bikore neza.

Akamaro k'ingenzi k'ibipimo by'amazi ya elegitoroniki mu gupima amazi yangiza ni imiterere yabyo n'uburyo ibikoresho bihinduka. Bitandukanye n'ibipimo gakondo by'amazi yangiza bifite ibice biyitera kwangirika, EMF zifite sensor ifite agace gatandukanya ikintu gipima n'uburyo bwangiza. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PFA (perfluoroalkoxy alkane), na rubber, byose bigaragaza ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa aside, alkali, n'ibintu bisukura by'umwimerere. Byongeye kandi, electrode za EMF zishobora gukorwa mu byuma birwanya kwangirika nka Hastelloy, titanium, cyangwa tantalum, bigatuma habaho ubusugire bw'igihe kirekire ndetse no mu bintu bishyushye cyane. Ubu buryo bwo gupima budahuza kandi bukuraho gutakaza umuvuduko n'ibyago byo kuziba, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gukomeza ibikorwa by'inganda.

Inganda zikora imiti ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gupima amazi ahumanya. Mu mikorere y’imiti, ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibintu bihumanya nka aside sulfurike, aside hydrochloric, na hydroxide ya sodiyumu bikenera kugenzura neza imikorere y’imiti kugira ngo harebwe uburyo ikoreshwa neza n’ubwiza bw’umusaruro. Urugero, mu gukora ifumbire, EMF zifite PTFE linings na Hastelloy electrodes zipima neza umuvuduko w’amazi ashyushye ya aside sulfurike, bigatuma amoniya ikoreshwa neza. Mu gukora imiti yica udukoko, bakurikirana urujya n’uruza rw’ibintu bihumanya byangiza, bagenzura umutekano n’ubudahangarwa bw’imikorere y’imiti. Ubushobozi bwa EMF bwo gupima amazi ashyushye yangiza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo hejuru (ubusanzwe ± 0.5% by’agaciro gapimwe) butuma ziba igice cy’ingenzi mu mikorere y’imiti.

Inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro n'ibyuma zishingikiriza cyane kuri EMF mu gupima amazi yangiza. Mu gusohora ibyuma bitari fer (nk'umuringa, zinc, na zahabu), ibikoresho bikuraho ibyuma byangiza (urugero, aside sulfurike, cyanide) bikoreshwa mu gukura ibyuma mu mabuye y'agaciro. EMF zikoreshwa mu gupima umuvuduko w'amazi yangiza, zigatuma habaho kuvanga neza n'amabuye y'agaciro no kunoza imikorere y'amazi yangiza. Mu gutunganya ibyuma, zigenzura kandi urujya n'uruza rw'amazi yangiza n'aside imyanda, bigafasha kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu no kubahiriza amahame agenga ibidukikije. Imiterere ikomeye ya EMF ituma zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi bikunze kugaragara mu bucukuzi n'ubucuruzi bw'ibyuma.

Inganda zitunganya amazi yanduye ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa. Amazi yanduye yo mu nganda akunze kuba arimo ibintu byangiza nk'ibinyabutabire biremereye, aside na alkali, bisaba gupima neza amazi yanduye kugira ngo avurwe neza. EMF zipima umuvuduko w'amazi yanduye yangiza mu micungire no mu mikorere yo kuyatunganya, bigatuma habaho kugenzura neza inyongeramusaruro z'ibinyabutabire (urugero: ibigabanya ubukana) no kugenzura ko amategeko agenga amazi yanduye yubahirizwa. Kurwanya kwandura no kwangiza bituma imikorere yayo ihoraho ndetse no mu bidukikije bigoye, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyabungabunga no kuyahagarika.

Kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere myiza ya EMF mu gupima amazi yangiza, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho. Ubwa mbere, hitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo mu gitereko n'ibikoresho bya electrode hashingiwe ku bwoko n'ubunini bw'icyuma cyangiza. Ubwa kabiri, menya neza ko amazi yapimwe afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bihagije (ubusanzwe hejuru ya 5 μS/cm), kuko EMF zidashobora gupima amazi adatanga amashanyarazi. Icya gatatu, shyiramo icyuma neza kugira ngo wirinde kubangamira amashanyarazi no kwemeza ko umuyoboro w'amazi uhoraho uhagaze neza. Gukomeza kubungabunga, nko kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'icyuma cyangiza n'icyasukuye, nabyo ni ingenzi kugira ngo kibe cyizerwa igihe kirekire.

Mu gusoza, ibipimo by'amazi bipima amazi yangiza bitewe n'uko bihinduka, bifite ubuziranenge buhanitse, kandi bikora neza. Uburyo bikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya imiti, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'amazi yanduye bigaragaza uruhare rwabyo rukomeye mu gutuma ibikorwa birushaho kuba byiza, ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, n'umutekano w'ibidukikije. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho no gushushanya sensor, EMFs zitezweho gutanga ibisubizo byizewe kurushaho ku bijyanye n'ibipimo bikomeye cyane byo gupima amazi yangiza mu gihe kizaza.