Ifite ubukana, irashya, irashya: Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bikoresha amazi yose

Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gupima amazi rigorwa no kugendana n'amazi akenewe cyane. Urugero, ibipimo bya turbine byishingikiriza ku byuma bizenguruka byoroshye kwangirika n'uduce duto cyangwa bigaterwa n'amazi afite ubushyuhe nka molasses cyangwa sederi. Amasahani ya orifice n'imiyoboro ya Venturi bikunze kuziba iyo bikoresha ibicanwa, mu gihe ibice byabyo by'icyuma byangirika vuba iyo bihuye n'ibinyabutabire nka aside hydrochloric cyangwa sodium hydroxide. Izi mbogamizi zituma habaho ubuziranenge butizewe: igipimo cyazibye cyangwa cyashaje gishobora gutandukana na 10% cyangwa birenga n'igipimo nyacyo cy'amazi, bigatuma habaho ingano idakwiye mu mikorere ya shimi, kwiyongera cyane mu gutwara amazi, cyangwa kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije. Ku nganda aho imiterere y'amazi ihinduka - nko gutunganya ibiribwa, aho ubushyuhe buhinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe - ibipimo bisanzwe bitanga ubushobozi buke bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe, bisaba kongera gupima cyangwa gusimbuza kenshi.

Ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bitsinda ibi bibazo binyuze mu buryo butandukanye: bipima umuvuduko w'amazi udahuye n'ibice byimuka, bifashishije itegeko rya Faraday ryo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Dore uko bikora: umuyoboro w'icyuma urimo ibikoresho birwanya imiti (nka PTFE, rubber, cyangwa ceramic), mu gihe electrode ebyiri zishyizwe mu gitereko zikora imbaraga za rukuruzi ku mazi. Uko amazi atwara amazi atembera mu murima, bitera ingufu z'amashanyarazi zijyanye n'umuvuduko wayo—iyi ngufu ipimwa na electrode igahindurwamo amakuru y'umuvuduko w'amazi. Kubura ibice byimuka bikuraho kwangirika kw'ibintu bitera umuyaga no kuziba kw'amazi aturuka ku mazi, mu gihe igitereko kidakoresha icyuma gikora nk'imbogamizi ku bintu byangiza. Iyi miterere ireba ko EMF ziguma zirambye kandi zinoze nubwo zikora amazi yangiza metero gakondo.

Igituma EMF zikora ibintu byinshi ni ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwihuza n’imiterere y’amazi akabije. Ku mazi asanzwe—kuva kuri aside n’alkali zo mu nganda kugeza ku mazi yo mu nyanja n’ibintu bisukura—ibikoresho by’icyuma gipima ubushyuhe bishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bihuze n’ikoreshwa ryabyo. Imirongo ya PTFE irwanya imiti myinshi ikomoka ku bimera n’ibitari umwimerere, bigatuma iba nziza mu mikorere y’imiti cyangwa peteroli, mu gihe imirongo ya rubber ikora neza mu gufata ibisigazwa binini, nko gucukura imyanda cyangwa amazi yanduye hamwe n’ibisigazwa. Amazi akomoka ku bimera, harimo kole, amavuta yo kwisiga, n’ibikomoka ku biribwa nka shokora cyangwa sirupe, atembera neza mu muyoboro udafite imbogamizi wa EMF, nta nzira ntoya zituma habaho kwirema. Ndetse n’amazi akomoka ku bimera arimo umucanga, amabuye y’agaciro, cyangwa ibyuma binyuramo nta kwangiza icyuma gipima ubushyuhe, kuko nta bice bizenguruka bishobora kwangirika. Uku kwihuza bivuze ko EMF imwe ishobora guhangana n’amoko menshi y’amazi mu byiciro bitandukanye by’imikorere, bigabanura gukenera metero zihariye.

Uretse kuramba, EMF zitanga ubuziranenge buhambaye mu bikorwa by'ingenzi. Zigumana ubuziranenge buri hagati ya ± 0.5% by'ubunini bwose (kandi akenshi ni byiza kurushaho) mu rugero runini rw'amazi atemba, kuva ku muvuduko muto (uri hasi nka 0.01 m/s) kugeza ku muvuduko mwinshi w'amazi ukwiriye imiyoboro y'inganda. Ubu buziranenge ni ingenzi mu gutunganya imiti, aho gupima neza ibikoresho fatizo byemeza ubuziranenge n'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa, no mu gutunganya amazi yanduye, aho amakuru nyayo y'amazi ashyigikira kubahiriza imipaka yo gusohora. EMF zikora neza kandi mu gupima amazi adahuye, nk'ibice bifite ingano ikomeye itandukanye, bivanga ibipimo gakondo. Ubushobozi bwazo bwo gutanga amakuru ahoraho kandi yizewe ndetse no mu bihe by'amazi adahindagurika butuma ziba ngombwa cyane ku nganda aho kugenzura ibikorwa ari ingenzi cyane.

Inyungu zifatika za EMF ziyongera ku mikorere myiza no kuzigama amafaranga. Kubera ko nta bice byimukanwa byo kubungabunga cyangwa gusimbuza, bisaba ko bibungabungwa bike—ubusanzwe bipimwa buri myaka 1-3, ugereranije no kubungabunga metero za mekanishi buri gihembwe. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo gukora no kubungabunga, cyane cyane ahantu bigoye kuhagera nko mu miyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka cyangwa ahantu hashyuha cyane mu nganda. EMF nazo zoroshye gushyiraho, hamwe n'amahitamo yo gushyiramo flange, wafer, cyangwa installation bihuye n'imiyoboro isanzweho nta mpinduka zikomeye zihari. EMF nyinshi zigezweho zihuza IoT connectivity, zemerera gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo ingano y'amazi, amakuru yo gusuzuma ko imiyoboro yangiritse cyangwa electrode yangiritse, no kugenzura kure. Ubu bwenge bwa digitale butuma habaho kubungabunga, gukumira amakosa atunguranye no kwemeza ko imikorere ihoraho.

Kuva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, peteroli na gaze kugeza ku gutunganya ibiribwa n'imiti, EMFs zabaye amahitamo y'inganda zihanganye n'amazi akomeye. Mu nganda zikora imiti, zipima ibintu bihumanya ikirere neza, zigatanga ibisubizo byiza kandi binoze. Mu nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye, zifata ibintu bihumanya ikirere n'ibisukura, zigatanga amakuru yo kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya. Mu nganda zikora ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, zipima ibintu bito nk'ubuki cyangwa inyanya bitanduje uburyohe bwabyo cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka mbi ku buryohe bwabyo. Ndetse no mu bidukikije bikomeye—nk'imiyoboro y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ibinure—EMFs zitanga umusaruro uhoraho, zigaragaza ko zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye mu nzego zitandukanye.

Uko ibikorwa by'inganda bigenda birushaho kuba ingorabahizi n'ibibazo by'amazi birushaho gukomera, icyifuzo cyo gupima amazi neza kandi ahindagurika kizakomeza kwiyongera. Ibipimo by'amazi bipima amazi bikoresha amashanyarazi bigaragarira nk'igisubizo kidapima amazi gusa—cyangwa kirabitsinda. Mu gufata amazi yangiza, afite imiterere ihindagurika, kandi atera ubwivumbure ku buryo bworoshye, bikuraho ubwumvikane hagati yo kuramba no gukora neza nk'uko bisanzwe mu bipimo bisanzwe. Ku bucuruzi, ibi bivuze kugabanya ikiguzi, kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura, no kugira amahoro yo mu mutima kumenya ko gupima amazi bihangana n'ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose.

Mu isi aho amazi ari ingenzi mu nganda, ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amashanyarazi ni intwari zitagira icyo zitangaza zituma ibikorwa bigenda neza. Bigaragaza ko nubwo amazi akomeye gute, gupima neza bidashoboka gusa—ni ingirakamaro. Uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere, EMF zizakomeza gutera imbere, zigatanga ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira no gutekereza cyane. Ariko kugeza ubu, ziracyari urugero rwiza rwo gucunga amazi akenewe cyane, zikongera gusobanura ibishoboka mu gupima amazi akoreshwa mu nganda.