Mu nganda aho gupima amazi neza ari ingenzi cyane ku mutekano, ubuziranenge, no gukora neza—cyane cyane iyo ukoresha amazi ayobora—guhitamo igipimo gikwiye cy’amazi gishobora gutuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza cyangwa kikabangamira. Amazi ayobora amazi, kuva kuri sirope mu musaruro w’ibiribwa kugeza ku bintu bishongesha mu nganda zikora imiti n’amavuta akomoka kuri peteroli, asaba igisubizo cyo gupima neza, kidahungabanya ibidukikije, kandi gihuye n’imiterere yabyo yihariye. Ibipimo by’amazi ayobora amazi (bikunze kwitwa "magmeters") biragaragara nk'ibikwiriye: ikoranabuhanga ryabyo rijyanye n’amazi ayobora amazi, kandi imiterere yabyo ijyanye n’ibisabwa cyane mu rwego rw’ibiribwa, imiti, na peteroli.
Mu by’ingenzi mu gupima amashanyarazi mu buryo bukwiriye ku bipimo by’amazi atwara umwuka ni itegeko rya Faraday rigenga amashanyarazi atwara umwuka. Bitandukanye n’ibipimo by’amazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ibice bigenda (bishobora kuziba, kwangirika, cyangwa kwanduza amazi atwara umwuka), magmeter zikoresha uburyo budahungabanya ibidukikije: umuyoboro ufite ibikoresho bikingira, ukikijwe n’imiyoboro ya electromagnetic. Iyo amazi atwara umwuka atemba mu muyoboro, aca mu ngufu za rukuruzi zikorwa n’imiyoboro, bigatuma habaho voltage nto y’amashanyarazi. Ubunini bw’iyi voltage bungana neza n’umuvuduko w’amazi—bituma icyuma kibara umuvuduko w’amazi neza cyane (ubusanzwe ± 0.5% by’isomwa, ndetse na ± 0.1% ku bikoresho bifite ubuziranenge buhanitse). Iyi miterere ikuraho gukorana hagati y’ibice by’icyuma bipima amazi n’amazi, inyungu ikomeye ku mazi atwara umwuka ashobora kwangiza, gushonga, cyangwa gusiga ibisigazwa.
Ku nganda z'ibiribwa, aho isuku n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bidashoboka kuganirwaho, ibipimo by'amazi bipima amashanyarazi ni ikintu gihindura ibintu. Ibinyobwa bitwara amazi nk'imitobe y'imbuto, ibikomoka ku mata, isosi, na sirupe bisaba ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa na FDA (Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti) cyangwa EU 10/2011 kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura. Uduce tw'amazi tworoshye kandi tudafite icyuho (akenshi dukorwa mu bikoresho by'ibiryo nka PTFE cyangwa ETFE) bibuza amazi kwiyongera kandi byoroshye gusukura—ni ingenzi mu kwirinda gukura kwa bagiteri hagati y'igihe cyo gukora. Urugero, mu ruganda runini rw'ibinyobwa, sirupe ikoreshwa mu gupima urujya n'uruza rwa sirupe itwara amazi mu bigega bivanga: ubuhanga bwayo butuma uburyohe buhoraho mu byiciro bitandukanye, mu gihe imiterere yayo idahungabanya ibidukikije ikuraho ibyago by'uko uduce tw'icyuma (duturuka ku bice byashaje bya mashini) twanduza ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, sirupe zifata ubukana bwinshi bw'ibinyobwa nka shokora cyangwa ubuki nta kuziba, ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ku bipimo gakondo bishingiye ku byuma bipima amazi.
Urwego rw'imiti rufite ibisabwa bikomeye kurushaho, kuko amazi atwara imiti (nk'imiti y'amazi, amazi yanduye, n'imiti ivangavanga) agomba kuzuza amabwiriza akomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge no gukurikirana. Ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amashanyarazi birahebuje mu gutanga ibipimo nyabyo kandi bishobora gusubirwamo—ni ngombwa kugira ngo imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima ingano ikwiye y'ibintu bikora. Imiterere yabyo idahungabanya ibidukikije inashyigikira gutunganya imiti yanduye: kubera ko nta bice bigenda mu muyoboro, nta ngaruka zo gukurura uduce duto cyangwa kwanduzanya hagati y'uduce. Urugero, uruganda rukora imiti iterwa n'inshinge rukoresha magmeters kugira ngo rukurikirane urujya n'uruza rw'amazi atwara imiti mu ducupa. Ihererekanya ry'amakuru mu buryo nyabwo rituma uruganda rukurikirana buri ntambwe y'igikorwa, rukareba ko rwubahiriza amategeko agenga inzego nka FDA na EMA (Ikigo cy'Uburayi gishinzwe imiti). Byongeye kandi, magmeters ntizihanganira imiti isuku cyane (nka peroxide ya hydrogen) ikoreshwa mu bigo by'imiti, bityo zigakomeza kwizerwa igihe kirekire.
Mu nganda zikora peteroli, aho amazi atwara amashanyarazi ava kuri peteroli na lisansi kugeza ku byuma bisukura amashanyarazi n'amazi mabi, ibipimo by'amazi atwara amashanyarazi bikemura ibibazo bikomeye byo gupima. Ingese ni ikibazo gikomeye hano—amazi menshi atwara amashanyarazi atwara amashanyarazi atwara amashanyarazi cyane, kandi ibipimo by'ibyuma bifite ibice by'icyuma bishobora kwangirika vuba, bigatuma habaho imiterere idahwitse kandi bigatwara amazi menshi. Ibikoresho bya Magmeter birwanya ingese (nk'umukara cyangwa se ceramic) n'ibice bitose bitari ibyuma bihangana n'aya mazi akomeye, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kugeza ku myaka 10-15 (ugereranije n'imyaka 3-5 kuri metero zitwara amashanyarazi). Byongeye kandi, inganda zikora peteroli akenshi zikora mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi magmeter ziboneka mu buryo bukomeye bufata umuvuduko kugeza kuri bar 1.000 n'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri 200°C. Urugero, uruganda rutunganya peteroli rukoresha magmeter kugira ngo rupime urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta atwara amashanyarazi anyura mu miyoboro: ubuziranenge bwabyo bufasha kunoza inzira zo gutunganya peteroli, kugabanya imyanda, no kwemeza ko gutwara peteroli mu buryo butekanye—ni ingenzi mu gukumira isuka ry'ibidukikije no kubahiriza amabwiriza y'umutekano.
Nubwo ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bifite ikiguzi kinini kurusha ibindi bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, inyungu zabyo z'igihe kirekire ku biryo, imiti, na peteroli ziruta cyane iryo shoramari. Igabanuka ry'ibiciro byo kubungabunga (nta bice byimukanwa byo gusimbuza), gusubizwa ibicuruzwa bike (kubera gukumira ubwandu), no kunoza imikorere (binyuze mu makuru nyayo) bituma habaho inyungu isanzwe ku ishoramari mu myaka 2-3. Ku nganda aho n'amakosa mato yo gupima ashobora kugira ingaruka mbi - kuva ku biribwa byangiritse kugeza ku miti idakora neza cyangwa ibiza ku bidukikije - magmeter si igikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni uburinzi.
Uko urwego rw'ibiribwa, imiti, na peteroli rukomeza gutera imbere, hamwe n'amabwiriza akaze ndetse n'ibikenewe bikomeje kwiyongera kugira ngo ibintu bikomeze kubaho, ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa mu gupima amazi ...
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-20-2025