Ibipimo by'Iterambere rya Electromagnetic: Uburyo bwizewe bwo gupima imiterere y'urutare

Uduce duto, nk'uruvange rw'ibintu bito n'ibice bikomeye, ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda nko mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya imiti, gutunganya amazi yanduye, no kubaka. Gupima neza urujya n'uruza rw'amazi ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza imikorere y'umusaruro, kugenzura ikiguzi, no kwemeza umutekano w'imikorere. Mu ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amazi, imashini zipima urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi (EMFs) zigaragaza ibyiza byazo byihariye mu guhangana n'imbogamizi ziterwa n'uduce duto, tumeze nk'udusimba, kandi dufite imbaraga nyinshi.

Ihame ry’imikorere ya EMFs rishingiye ku itegeko rya Faraday ryo gukoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki. Iyo ururenda rutemba mu butaka bwa rukuruzi rukorwa n’imirongo ya metero, rutera imbaraga za elegitoroniki (EMF) zijyanye n’umuvuduko w’amazi, imbaraga za rukuruzi, n’intera iri hagati ya electrodes. Iyi voltage iterwa n’amashanyarazi iboneka hakoreshejwe electrodes zishyizwe ku rukuta rw’umuyoboro, maze flowmeter ikayihinduramo ishusho nyayo y’umuvuduko w’amazi. Ikigaragara ni uko EMFs zipima umuvuduko w’amazi mu buryo butaziguye, zidahungabanyijwe n’ubushyuhe, ubucucike, cyangwa ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe—ibintu by’ingenzi bibangamira ubundi bwoko bwa metero.

Akamaro k'ibanze ka EMF mu gukoresha urutare ni imiterere yarwo idahungabanya cyangwa ngo igire aho ihurira n'urutare. EMF zifite urutare rugororotse zidafite ibice bigenda cyangwa imbogamizi, bikuraho ibyago byo kuziba, kwangirika, cyangwa gutakaza umuvuduko bitewe n'uduce tw'urutare. Iyi miterere ituma urutare rutembera neza kandi ikagabanya ibikenewe mu kubungabunga, inyungu ikomeye ku rutare nk'ibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa imvange ya sima yangiza byoroshye ibyuma bipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi.

EMF zigaragaza kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imiterere itandukanye y’urusenda. Zikora neza hamwe n’urusenda rurimo ibinyobwa bifata amazi (urugero: urusenda rushingiye ku mazi) n’uduce duto tw’ingano zitandukanye, kuva ku myanda mito kugeza ku mitsi ikomeye. Moderi za EMF zigezweho zifite electrode zirwanya ingese (zikozwe mu bikoresho nka Hastelloy, titanium, cyangwa tantalum) n’imigozi (rubber, PTFE, cyangwa polyurethane), zituma zishobora kwihanganira imiterere mibi y’urusenda, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ingese za shimi.

Mu nganda, EMF zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zishinzwe gutunganya ubutare. Mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, zigenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amabuye y'agaciro (urugero: umuringa, ubutare bw'icyuma) mu gihe cyo gucukura no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, zigenzura uburyo amabuye y'agaciro atwarwa neza no kugenzura uburyo akorwa. Inganda zitunganya amazi y'imyanda zikoresha EMF mu gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amazi y'imyanda, zishyigikira uburyo amazi y'imyanda akurwamo n'uburyo bwo kuyajugunya mu gihe zikurikiza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije. Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, zipima neza urujya n'uruza rw'amazi y'imyanda ya beto kugira ngo zigumane ingano y'ibivangwa kandi zirebe ko imiterere y'inyubako imeze neza.

Kugira ngo hakorwe neza ibipimo, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho mu mikorere. Uduce duto tugomba kuba dufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutwara amazi; uduce tudatwara amazi (urugero: uruvange rw'amavuta) bisaba ko dushyirwamo ibipimo mbere yo gusukurwa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Gushyiraho neza, harimo n'uburebure buhagije bw'imiyoboro igororotse yo hejuru/iy'epfo, birinda imivurungano y'amazi. Gusana buri gihe, nko gusukura electrodes no kugenzura imiyoboro y'amazi kugira ngo irebe niba yasaze, bigumana icyizere cyo gupima. Gupima hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe (urugero: ibigega by'amazi by'ubwinshi) nabyo birasabwa mu bikorwa by'ingenzi.

Mu gihe inganda ziharanira imikorere myiza no gukora neza, EMF zikomeje gutera imbere zikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, nko gutunganya ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga no kohereza amakuru nta mashini, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo no kugenzura kure. Ubushobozi bwazo bwo guhangana n'imimerere mibi y'urubura, hamwe no gukora neza cyane no kudakora neza, bituma ibyuma bipima amashanyarazi biba igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gupima urubura rugezweho, bigatuma imikorere myiza mu nzego z'ingenzi z'inganda.