Uburyo ibyuma bipima ikirere bya Ultrasonic bifasha gupima amazi mu buryo budasanzwe kandi butabangamira abantu benshi

Mu micungire y’amazi mu nganda, gukenera ibikoresho byo gupima bihuza neza n’uburyo buke bwo kubangamira imikorere byatumye ibyuma bipima amazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga bihindura ibintu. Bitandukanye n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bipima amazi—nk’ibipimo bya turbine bisaba ibice by’imbere kugira ngo bihuze n’amazi, cyangwa ibipimo by’umuvuduko bitandukanye bishobora gufunga no kwanduza—ibipimo bipima amazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bikora bidaciye mu muyoboro cyangwa ngo bikora ku mazi ubwayo. Iyi miterere idatera umwanda, ihujwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya ibimenyetso, ibafasha gutanga amakuru nyayo, ikemura ibibazo bikomeye mu nganda kuva ku gutunganya amazi kugeza kuri peteroli na gaze, no mu nganda zikora imiti.

Ihame ry'ingenzi ry'ibipimo by'urujya n'uruza bya ultrasonic riri mu gukoresha imikorere y'urusaku kugira ngo harebwe umuvuduko w'amazi. Inyinshi mu nganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rikuru: transit-time na Doppler effect, buri kimwe gikozwe hakurikijwe ubwoko bwihariye bw'amazi ariko cyibanda ku kudahungabanya. Ibipimo by'urujya n'uruza bya ultrasonic mu gihe cyo transit bikoresha transducers ebyiri zishyizwe hanze ku buso bw'umuyoboro, imwe yohereza indi ikira ibimenyetso bya ultrasound. Iyo amazi atemba mu muyoboro, ikimenyetso kigenda mu cyerekezo cy'amazi (hepfo) bifata igihe gito kugera ku cyuma cyakira, mu gihe ikimenyetso kigenda kinyura ku mazi (hejuru) bifata igihe kirekire. Iki gipimo kibara itandukaniro ry'igihe kiri hagati y'ibi bimenyetso bibiri, hanyuma gikoresha aya makuru—hamwe n'umurambararo w'umuyoboro n'imiterere y'amazi—kugira ngo kibare umuvuduko w'amazi neza cyane, akenshi biri hagati ya ± 0.5% by'agaciro nyakuri k'amazi meza.

Ku mazi afite uduce duto cyangwa utubumbe duhagaze (nk'amazi yanduye, slurry, cyangwa amavuta asanzwe), ni byo byiza cyane hakoreshejwe Doppler-effect ultrasonic flowmeters. Ibi bikoresho bisohora amajwi menshi asohoka mu duce turi mu mazi; amajwi agaragara ahinduka bitewe n'umuvuduko w'uduce, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano itaziguye n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Nubwo bimeze gutyo, Doppler meteres zigumana ubuziranenge mu kuyungurura urusaku rw'inyuma, zigatuma imiterere y'amazi igaragara neza nta kibazo cyangwa ngo zishyire ibice byayo ku bintu bitera kwangirika cyangwa byangiza.

Kuba ibikoresho bipima amashanyarazi bidakoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bitanga inyungu nyinshi zifatika zinoza imikorere myiza ndetse no kugabanya ikiguzi. Gushyiraho ntibisaba gukata imiyoboro, gusudira, cyangwa kuzimya—abatekinisiye bashyiramo gusa transducers inyuma y’umuyoboro, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo gukora kuva ku minsi (ku bipimo gakondo) kugeza ku masaha cyangwa iminota. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda nko gukora amashanyarazi, aho guhagarika amazi akonjesha bishobora gutuma amazi abura. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko nta bice by’imbere bihari, ibikoresho bipima amashanyarazi birinda ibibazo nko kwangirika, kuziba, cyangwa kwanduza amazi—ibibazo bikunze kwibasira turbine cyangwa ibikoresho bipima amashanyarazi. Urugero, mu nganda zikora imiti, ibi bivuze ko nta ngaruka z’uko ibice by’icyuma bivuye mu bice byashaje byinjira mu buryo busukuye cyane, bikubahiriza amahame agenga.

Ubuhanga bwo hejuru ni ubundi buhanga bugaragara, bushoboka bitewe n'iterambere mu gutunganya ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima. Ibipimo bigezweho bya ultrasonic bishobora guhindura ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro (urugero, icyuma, PVC, cyangwa umuringa) mu gihe nyacyo, bigakosora ibimenyetso bishobora kwangirika no kugumana ubuziranenge mu mikorere ihinduka. Urugero, mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi, bishobora kubona n'amazi make cyangwa ihindagurika ry'amazi, bigafasha ibigo by'imari kugabanya imyanda y'amazi no kunoza imikorere y'umuyoboro. Mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gupima amazi afite ubukana bwinshi mu buryo bunoze butuma habaho kwishyuza neza lisansi mu gutwara lisansi kandi bikarinda igihombo cy'amafaranga aturuka ku makosa yo gupima.

Uretse gukoreshwa mu nganda, ibipimo by'amazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya ultrasonic birimo kwiyongera mu ngo no mu bucuruzi—nk'ibipimo by'amazi bigezweho bituma habaho kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'amazi kure—bitewe n'imiterere yabyo ntoya no kudakenera kubungabunga. Uko ubuzima burambye bugenda buba ikintu cy'ingenzi ku isi, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry'amazi hakoreshejwe ingufu nke (inyinshi zikoresha batiri zikoresha ingufu nke) birushaho kwiyongera.

Mu gusoza, ibipimo by'amazi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga bivugurura uburyo bwo gupima amazi binyuze mu guhuza uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyakoresha mu buryo bunoze cyane. Mu gukuraho imbogamizi z'ibikoresho gakondo—kuva ku gihe cyo gushyiraho kugeza ku ngaruka zo kwandura—ntibinongera imikorere myiza gusa ahubwo binashyigikira kubahiriza amategeko, kuzigama ikiguzi, no kuramba mu nganda zose. Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, ubuhanga bwabyo n'ubushobozi bwabyo bizagenda bikura, bikomeze uruhare rwabyo nk'inkingi ikomeye mu micungire y'amazi igezweho.