Icyerekezo cy'Inganda: Ubuhanga mu by'Ubwongereza butuma abantu bakenera ibikoresho—Impamvu Ibipimo by'Iterambere ry'Amashanyarazi Biba Ibikenewe Kugira ngo Hagenzurwe Imikorere

Gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge bitera imbere kuri sisitemu zihujwe: sensors, controllers, na platforms zo mu bicu zikorana kugira ngo zikusanye, zisesengure, kandi zikore ku makuru aboneka mu gihe nyacyo. Ibipimo gakondo by'imiyoboro y'amazi, nka turbine cyangwa positive displacement metres, akenshi bikora nk'ibikoresho "bigenga" - bisaba gusoma intoki cyangwa gusohora ibintu by'ibanze bya analog, bigatuma bigorana kubihuza n'ibinyabuzima by'ikoranabuhanga. Uku gutandukanya amakuru bitera icyuho mu makuru kibangamira uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere.

Ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bikemura iki kibazo binyuze mu buryo bw'imiterere. Ibipimo byinshi bya EMF bigezweho bifite modules z'itumanaho rya digitale (urugero, Modbus, Profinet, cyangwa OPC UA)—protocole zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikoresha ubwenge kugira ngo zishobore kohereza amakuru mu buryo butagorana. Ibi bipimo bishobora kohereza amakuru y'umuvuduko mu gihe nyacyo, harimo umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'amazi, ingano yose, n'amatangazo yo gusuzuma, mu buryo butaziguye kuri sisitemu zo kugenzura (nka SCADA cyangwa MES) cyangwa platforme z'ibicu. Urugero, mu ruganda rw'ibinyabutabire, EMF yashyizwe mu muyoboro w'ibinyabutabire ishobora kohereza amakuru y'umuvuduko uhoraho ku gikoresho cyo gusesengura gishingiye ku bicu. Hanyuma abahanga mu by'imashini bashobora gukurikirana amakuru bari kure, bakamenya itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwiza w'amazi (urugero, kugabanuka gutunguranye bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo), no guhindura inzira mu gihe nyacyo—bitabaye ngombwa ko baba bari aho. Uku guhuza gukuraho silos z'amakuru, bituma inganda zubaka "impanga y'ikoranabuhanga" y'imikorere yazo (ikopi igaragara yigana imikorere nyayo) no gufata ibyemezo byo guhanura, intego y'ingenzi y'inganda zikoresha ubwenge.

Gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge bishyira imbere uburinganire—ndetse no kugabanuka guto mu gutembera kw'amazi bishobora gutera inenge mu bicuruzwa, kwiyongera kw'imyanda, cyangwa ibyago by'umutekano, cyane cyane mu nganda nka farumasi, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, cyangwa peteroli na gaze. Ibipimo gakondo by'imashini birwana no gukoresha neza uko igihe kigenda: ibice bigenda birangirika, imyanda ikaziba imikorere, n'amazi afite ubukana bwinshi (nk'amasiro cyangwa amavuta) kugenda buhoro kw'ibice, bigatuma umubare ugabanuka cyangwa urenze urugero.

Ku rundi ruhande, EMF nta bice bigenda, bikuraho kwangirika kw'imashini kandi bigatanga ubuziranenge bw'igihe kirekire. Zikora binyuze mu gukora imbaraga za rukuruzi mu muyoboro; iyo amazi atwara (urugero, amazi, imiti, cyangwa ibinyabutabire) atemba mu murima, bitera umuriro w'amashanyarazi (nk'uko itegeko rya Faraday ribivuga). Ingufu z'uyu muyoboro zijyanye neza n'umuvuduko w'amazi, bigatuma hapimwa neza ku gipimo cy'ikosa cya ± 0.5% gusa—kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ikosa rya ± 1-3% ry'ibipimo bya mudasobwa. Uku kwizerwa ni ingenzi ku nganda zifite amahame akomeye y'ubuziranenge. Urugero, mu nganda zikora imiti, EMF igenzura ko ingano nyayo y'ibintu bikora ivangwa mu miti; ndetse no kugabanuka kwa 1% bishobora gutuma igice kinini cy'amazi kidakora neza. Mu nganda zikora neza, aho gukurikirana no kugenzura ubuziranenge bidashoboka, EMF zitanga ubuziranenge bukenewe kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa ahenze.

Inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga zicunga ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibinyabutabire—kuva ku binyabutabire byangiza (urugero, aside mu gutunganya ibyuma) kugeza ku binyabutabire bisya (urugero, sima mu bwubatsi) n’ibinyabutabire bifite isuku (urugero, amata mu gukora amata). Ibipimo gakondo bikunze kunanirwa muri ibi bihe bikomeye: ibinyabutabire byangiza ibice by’icyuma, ibinyabutabire byangiza impeller, kandi isuku isaba gusenywa kenshi kugira ngo isukurwe (ibi bibangamira imikorere).

Ibipimo by'amazi bipima amashanyarazi birakenewe cyane mu guhangana n'ibi bibazo. Imiyoboro yabo yo gupima ishobora gukorwa mu bikoresho birwanya ingese (urugero: PTFE, ceramic, cyangwa Hastelloy), bigatuma ikoreshwa mu bintu birwanya ingese. Ku byuma bigabanya ubushyuhe, imiterere yoroshye kandi idahungabanya EMFs ibuza uduce twinshi kwiyubaka no kwangirika—bitandukanye na metero zipima amashanyarazi, zifite imyenge aho uduce dushobora gufatirwa. Mu nganda zisukura nk'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, EMFs zujuje amahame y'ubuziranenge ya 3-A: imiyoboro yazo idahindagurika n'ubuso bworoshye gusukura bikuraho gukura kwa bagiteri, kandi bishobora gusukurwa aho biri (CIP) nta gusenya. Uku kuntu ibintu bitandukanye bivuze ko inganda zidakenera gushora imari mu bwoko butandukanye bwa metero zipima amashanyarazi atandukanye—EMF imwe ishobora gukora ibintu bitandukanye, ikagabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho no koroshya kubungabunga. Mu nganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, aho ubworoherane ari ingenzi mu guhuza n'ibikenewe mu musaruro uhinduka, uku kumenyera imiterere bituma EMFs ari ingenzi.

Uko inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga zihindura imikorere y’inganda, ibipimo by’amashanyarazi byagiye bihinduka kuva ku bikoresho byihariye bijya ku bice by’ingenzi byo kugenzura ibikorwa. Ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhuza n’ibidukikije by’ikoranabuhanga, gutanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, no guhuza n’amazi atandukanye bukemura neza ibyo inganda zikora muri iki gihe zikeneye: imikorere myiza, kwizerwa, no guhinduka. Ku bakinnyi bashaka gukomeza imbere mu rwego rwo guhangana, gushora imari muri EMFs si amahitamo ya tekiniki gusa—ni ikintu cy’ingenzi. Ibi bipimo ntibipima gusa ubwiyongere bw’amazi; bituma habaho inzira zishingiye ku makuru kandi zinoze zigaragaza intsinzi mu nganda. Uko icyerekezo cyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nganda kigenda cyihuta, ibipimo by’amashanyarazi bizarushaho kugira akamaro, bishimangira uruhare rwabyo nk'ikintu cy’ingenzi ku nganda z’ejo hazaza.