Ibipimo by'urwego: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kugenzura amazi neza mu nganda zose

Mu bikorwa by'inganda, imicungire y'ibidukikije, n'ibikorwa remezo bya buri munsi, gupima neza urugero rw'amazi ni inkingi y'ingenzi mu mutekano, imikorere myiza, no kubahiriza amategeko. Ibipimo by'urwego—bizwi kandi nka sensors cyangwa gauges—bigenewe gupima uburebure bw'amazi, ibintu bikomeye, cyangwa ibisigazwa mu bigega, amato, imiyoboro, cyangwa ibigega karemano. Kuva ku kugenzura amazi mu nzego z'umujyi kugeza ku gukurikirana imiti ishobora guteza akaga mu nganda, ibi bikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu gukumira kuzura kw'amazi, kunoza ikoreshwa ry'umutungo, no kwemeza ko imikorere ihamye. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma amahame shingiro, ubwoko bw'ingenzi, n'ikoreshwa ritandukanye rya metero zipima, igaragaza akamaro kazo mu nganda zigezweho.

Amahame y'ingenzi n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibipimo by'urwego

Ibipimo by'urwego rw'ubwoko bw'aho umuntu ahurira

• Ibipimo by'urwego rw'amazi: Imwe mu miterere gakondo kandi ikoreshwa cyane, ibipimo by'amazi bishingiye ku kuzura kw'amazi. Ikigega cy'amazi—ubusanzwe gikozwe mu bikoresho bishyushya amazi nka pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese—kirazamuka cyangwa kikamanuka hamwe n'urugero rw'amazi, bigatuma icyuma gipima amazi kijya mu cyuma gipima amazi cyangwa seriveri. Birahendutse, biroroshye gushyiramo, kandi birakwiriye ku bintu bisukuye nk'amazi, amavuta, cyangwa imiti. Ariko, bikunze kwanduzwa n'amazi cyangwa ibintu bikomeye kandi bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kugira ngo bigerweho neza.
• Ibipimo by'Ubushobozi: Ibi bipimo bipima impinduka mu bushobozi hagati ya electrode ebyiri (imwe ifatanye n'urukuta rw'ikigega, indi ihagaze mu mazi). Uko urwego rw'amazi rugenda rwiyongera, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi buriyongera mu buryo bungana, bigatanga ishusho nyayo y'urwego. Ibipimo by'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi ni byiza cyane mu gupima ibinyobwa bitose, slurry, n'ibinyabutabire (urugero: ibinyampeke, ifu) kandi birwanya ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, ibiribwa, n'imiti.
• Ibipimo by'igitutu giterwa n'amazi: Hashingiwe ku ihame ry'uko igitutu cy'amazi cyiyongera uko ubujyakuzimu bugenda burushaho kwiyongera, ibi bipimo bikoresha uburyo bwo gupima igitutu (bwinjijwe cyangwa bushyizwe hasi mu kigega) kugira ngo bibare igipimo. Isesengura ry'igitutu rihindurwamo igipimo hakoreshejwe ubucucike bw'amazi, bigatuma biba byiza ku bigega binini, ibigega byo munsi y'ubutaka, no gukoreshwa mu muvuduko mwinshi. Ni bikomeye, ntibikoreshwa cyane, kandi bibereye ibinyobwa n'ibicanwa, harimo n'ibintu byangiza iyo bifite ibikoresho bihuye.

Ibipimo by'urwego rudahuza ubwoko

• Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic: Ibi bikoresho bisohora amajwi menshi yerekeza ku buso bw'amazi; amajwi agaruka inyuma, kandi igihe cyo kuguruka gikoreshwa mu kubara urwego. Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic bitanga ibipimo bidahungabanya, bikuraho ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kwangirika biturutse ku mazi yangiza cyangwa atera ubukana. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, bikwiranye n'amazi, ibintu bikomeye, n'ibirunga, kandi bishobora gushyirwa hejuru y'ibigega bitabangamiye imikorere. Ariko, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mukungugu, umwuka, cyangwa imiterere idahwitse y'ibigega, bisaba gupima kugira ngo imikorere irusheho kuba myiza.
• Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Radar: Bikoresheje imiraba ya elegitoronike (micro-onde), ibipimo bya radar bitanga ibipimo nyabyo cyane ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye. Bisohora imiraba igaragara hejuru y'amazi, igihe kigatinda kigahinduka amakuru y'urwego. Ibipimo bya radar ntibigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe, umuvuduko, umwuka, cyangwa ivumbi, bigatuma biba byiza mu bidukikije bikomeye nko mu byuma bishyuha cyane, mu byuma bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu byuma bikoresha amazi, cyangwa mu byuma bifite imiti ihindagurika. Bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora peteroli na gaze, peteroli, no mu nganda zikora amashanyarazi.
• Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Laser: Bitanga ubuziranenge budasanzwe, ibipimo bya laser bikoresha umuraba wa laser kugira ngo bipime intera iri hagati y'ubuso bw'amazi. Bikwiriye gukoreshwa bisaba ubuziranenge bwo hejuru (urugero, ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi, mu gukora imiti) kandi bikora neza n'ibintu bisukuye n'ibintu bikomeye. Ariko, bikunze kugaragara ku mukungugu, igihu, n'ishusho y'ubuso, bigatuma bigabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo mu nganda zikomeye.

Porogaramu zitandukanye z'inganda

• Imicungire y'amazi n'imyanda mu mijyi: Ibipimo bya Ultrasonic na hydrostatic bigenzura ingano y'amazi mu bigega, mu bigega bisukura amazi, no mu buryo bwo kuyakwirakwiza, bigatuma hamenyekana amazi asohoka kandi hagatangwa neza umutungo. Mu nganda z'amazi asukuye, ibikoresho byo gupima amazi n'ibipimo bya radar bikurikirana ingano y'imyanda n'amazi asohoka, bikubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije.
• Inganda za peteroli na gaze: Ibipimo bya radar na hydrostatic bipima ingano ya peteroli, lisansi, na gaze karemano mu bigega byo kubikamo no mu miyoboro. Bihangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe, n'ibintu byangiza, bigafasha gutwara no gucuruza mu mutekano.
• Gukora imiti n'imiti: Ibipimo by'ubuhanga n'ibipimo bya ultrasound bigenzura imiti ishobora guteza akaga, imiti isukura, n'imiti isukura, bikarinda ko amazi arenga inkombe kandi bigatanga ingano nyayo mu mikorere y'imiti. Ibipimo by'ubuziranenge byujuje ibisabwa mu isuku mu mikoreshereze y'imiti.
• Inganda z'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Ibipimo by'amazi n'ibya laser bikurikirana ibintu by'amazi (urugero: amata, sirupe, amavuta yo kurya) n'ibinure (urugero: ifu, isukari) mu bigega byo kubikamo no mu miyoboro y'umusaruro. Bituma bivanga neza, bigabanya imyanda, kandi bikubahiriza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa.
• Ingufu zikoreshwa: Radar na hydrostatic meters bigenzura amazi akoreshwa muri boiler, amazi akonje, n'ingano ya peteroli mu nganda zikora ingufu zishyuha n'izikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi. Bifasha mu kunoza imikorere y'ingufu no gukumira kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bitewe n'ingano y'amazi make cyangwa menshi.
• Ubuhinzi n'Igenzura ry'Ibidukikije: Ibipimo bya Ultrasonic bipima ingano y'amazi mu buryo bwo kuhira, mu bidendezi no mu migezi, bigateza imbere ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu buryo burambye. Mu igenzura ry'ibidukikije, bakurikirana ingano y'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka n'ububiko bw'imyanda, bashyigikira ibikorwa byo kubungabunga.

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