Mu rwego rwo gupima amazi, ibipimo by'amazi bya mashini na ibipimo by'amazi bya electromagnetic bikoreshwa cyane, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye ijyanye n'ibikenewe mu ikoreshwa ryacyo. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ryabyo ni ingenzi mu guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye mu bihe bitandukanye kuva mu ngo kugeza ku nganda.
Ibipimo by'amazi bya mekanike, uburyo busanzwe, bikora ku ihame ryoroshye ariko rimaze igihe kirekire rikoreshwa. Bishingikiriza ku bice bigenda—nk'impeller cyangwa turbine—biyobowe n'ingufu z'amazi atemba. Uko amazi anyura muri icyo gipimo, azunguruka impeller y'imbere, kandi uku kuzenguruka kwoherezwa binyuze muri sisitemu y'ibikoresho kugeza ku gikoresho kigaragaza ikoreshwa ry'amazi yose. Iki gishushanyo cyamaze imyaka irenga ijana gitunganyijwe, bigatuma habaho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi ryizewe. Kimwe mu byiza byacyo by'ingenzi ni uburyo bwo gukoresha neza amafaranga; ikiguzi cyo gukora no gushyiramo amazi kiri hasi, bigatuma biba amahitamo akomeye yo gupima amazi mu ngo ku isi yose. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bya mekanike ntibisaba isoko y'amashanyarazi yo hanze, kuko bikoresha ingufu ziva mu mazi. Iki gikorwa "cyigenga" kibaha ubushobozi bwo gukorera mu turere twa kure cyangwa ahantu hari amashanyarazi adahindagurika.
Ariko, ibipimo by'amazi bya mashini bifite imbogamizi zigaragara. Ibice byabyo bigenda birushaho kwangirika uko igihe kigenda, cyane cyane iyo bihuye n'amazi arimo imyanda nk'umucanga, ingese, cyangwa igipimo. Uku kwangirika ntikugabanya gusa uburyo bwo gupima neza ahubwo bishobora no gutuma habaho gufungana, bigasaba kubungabungwa buri gihe cyangwa gusimburwa. Byongeye kandi, bifite igipimo gito cyo kugabanuka kw'amazi, bivuze ko bigorana gupima neza amazi atemba haba muke cyane cyangwa mu kirere. Urugero, amazi make cyangwa amazi make akoreshwa ashobora kutagaragara, mu gihe igihe cyo gutemba gishobora gutera amakosa akomeye yo gupima. Indi mbogamizi ni ukubura umuvuduko w'amazi: imiterere y'imbere ya mashini ituma amazi atemba neza, ibi bikaba byagira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza ya sisitemu zo gutanga amazi.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bigaragaza uburyo bugezweho kandi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Bishingiye ku itegeko rya Faraday ryo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Imbaraga za rukuruzi zikorwa hafi y'umuyoboro upima utari uwa rukuruzi w'iki gipimo hakoreshejwe uruziga rwo gushyushya. Iyo amazi ayobora anyura muri uyu muyoboro wa rukuruzi, agabanya imiyoboro y'imbaraga za rukuruzi, bigatera imbaraga za electromotive (EMF) muri electrodes zishyizwe ku nkuta z'umuyoboro. Ubunini bwa EMF bungana neza n'umuvuduko w'amazi, bigatuma icyuma kibara kandi kikagaragaza umuvuduko w'amazi neza cyane.
Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bitanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi ugereranyije n'ibijyanye nabyo bya mekanike. Nta bice by'imbere bigira, bikuraho ibibazo byo kwangirika, gufungana, no gutakaza umuvuduko. Iyi miterere kandi ituma birwanya cyane umwanda mu mazi, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu gupima amazi mabi, amazi yanduye, cyangwa amazi yo mu nganda. Igipimo cyabyo cyo guhindagurika ni kinini cyane (akenshi ni 100: 1 cyangwa hejuru), bigatuma bipima neza amazi asohoka mu kanya gato n'amazi menshi asohoka. Byongeye kandi, bihuza neza na sisitemu zigezweho, bishyigikira gukurikirana amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, gusoma kure, no kumenya amazi asohoka—ibintu by'ingenzi mu gucunga amazi agezweho no gupima uturere (DMA).
Nyamara, ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bifite imbogamizi zabyo. Bishobora gupima amazi atwara amashanyarazi gusa; ibintu bidatwara amashanyarazi nk'amazi cyangwa amavuta bituma bitaba byiza. Igiciro cyabyo cya mbere kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'iby'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, bishobora kuba imbogamizi ku ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu ngo nini. Bisaba kandi ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihoraho zo hanze kugira ngo bikore ingufu za rukuruzi no gutunganya ibimenyetso, bigabanye ikoreshwa ryabyo mu bice bidafite amashanyarazi yizewe.
Muri make, guhitamo hagati y’ibipimo by’amazi bya mekanike na electromagnetic biterwa n’ibisabwa byihariye. Ibipimo by’amashanyarazi birakomeye mu miturire ihendutse kandi idasaba ubwishingizi bwinshi aho amashanyarazi aba make. Hagati aho, ibipimo by’amashanyarazi ni amahitamo meza mu nganda, gutunganya amazi yanduye, n’imiyoboro y’amazi meza isaba ubuhanga bwo hejuru, urwego runini rw’amazi anyuramo, n’ubushobozi bwo kugenzura mu buryo bw’ubwenge. Bapimye ibintu nk’ikiguzi, ubuhanga, ibikenewe mu kubungabunga, n’imiterere y’amazi, abakoresha bashobora guhitamo ibipimo bihuye neza n’intego zabo z’imikorere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2025