Mu bikorwa by'inganda—kuva ku nganda zitunganya peteroli zibika peteroli kugeza ku nganda zicunga ibinyampeke, n'inganda zitunganya ibigega by'ingano, n'inganda zitunganya amazi mabi zigenzura ibigega by'amazi mabi—gupima neza urwego ni ingenzi cyane. Bituma ibikwa neza, bigatunganya imicungire y'ibikoresho, bikarinda ko amazi arenga inkombe cyangwa kohereza amazi, kandi bigashyigikira imikorere y'umusaruro idahindagurika. Ariko, ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima urwego nka sensors za ultrasound, switches za float, cyangwa transmitters z'umuvuduko akenshi bihura n'ingorane mu bidukikije bikomeye cyangwa bigoye: ibimenyetso bya ultrasound bihagarikwa n'umukungugu cyangwa umwuka, float zigafatirwa mu mazi akomeye, kandi transmitters z'umuvuduko zirananirwa mu bigega bifite ubushyuhe butandukanye cyangwa ibikoresho byangiza. Injira muri transmitter y'urwego rwa radar idakora—igisubizo gihindura umukino gitanga ubuziranenge budasanzwe bwo gupima urwego rwa tank na silo, ndetse no mu bihe bigoye cyane.
Mu mizi yayo, transmitter idakora ku rwego rwa radar ikora ku ihame rya "time-of-run" (ToF). Isohora pulses za radar zifite frequency yo hejuru (ubusanzwe 24GHz cyangwa 80GHz) zivuye kuri antene iri hejuru ya tanki cyangwa silo. Izi pulses zimanuka, zigasubira inyuma ku buso bw'amazi, ikintu gikomeye, cyangwa igitonyanga kiri imbere, hanyuma zigasubira inyuma kuri transmitter. Igikoresho kibara igihe pulses zifata kugira ngo zugere ku buso hanyuma zigaruke, hanyuma gikoresha aya makuru (hamwe n'umuvuduko w'imiraba ya radar) kugira ngo kibare intera nyayo y'ibikoresho - aho biva urwego rw'ubu. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bishingiye ku gukoraho, ntabwo ikora ku buryo bupimwe, bikuraho ibyago byo kwangirika, kwanduzwa, cyangwa kwangirika kwa mekanike.
Igitandukanya iri koranabuhanga ni ukubera ko rikora neza cyane, ikintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa mu gukoresha ikigega n'ahantu ho gupima, aho n'amakosa make yo gupima ashobora gutera ingaruka zihenze. Imashini nyinshi zikoresha radar zitarimo gukorana zifite ubuziranenge bwa ± 1mm kugeza ± 5mm, bitewe n'icyitegererezo n'uburebure bwo gupima (bushobora kuva kuri metero 0.3 kugeza kuri metero 80). Ubu buziranenge bukomeza no mu bihe bihindagurika: urugero, mu bigega bya peteroli bifite ubuso buhindagurika cyangwa ibigega bifite ibikoresho bitoshye nk'isima cyangwa uduce twa pulasitiki. Ibintu bigezweho nko kuyungurura amajwi n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso byongera ubuziranenge hirengagijwe ibimenyetso bitari byo bituruka ku nkuta z'ibigega, imiterere y'imbere (nk'ibitera imbaraga cyangwa ibipfukamunwa), cyangwa ibicu by'umukungugu - ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu bindi bikoresho byo gupima.
Ikindi cyiza cy'ibikoresho byo kohereza radar bidakora ni uburyo bikoresha mu buryo butandukanye mu bigega n'ahantu ho gucukura. Bikora ku buryo butandukanye: ibinyobwa (harimo na hydrocarbon, imiti, n'amazi), ibintu bikomeye (ibinyampeke, ifu, n'udupira), ndetse n'ibitonyanga bigoye gupima (nk'imyanda y'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro y'ubucukuzi). Imiterere yabyo ikomeye ihangana n'ibihe bikomeye: ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 200°C cyangwa irenga hamwe n'ibikoresho byihariye), umuvuduko mwinshi (kugeza kuri 100 bar), n'ikirere cyangiza—bituma biba byiza ku nganda nka peteroli, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, ndetse n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ibikoresho byinshi kandi bifite amanota yo kurinda IP67 cyangwa IP68, bigamije kurwanya ivumbi, amazi, n'ubushuhe, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi mu bikoresho byo hanze cyangwa mu nganda zitunganya amazi.
Ku bakora mu nganda, inyungu ziruta ubuziranenge no kuramba kugeza ku musaruro mu mikorere. Utwuma twa radar tudakoraho dukenera gusanwa gake: tudakoresheje ibice byimuka cyangwa ngo dukore ku buryo bworoshye, nta mpamvu yo gusukura buri gihe, gupima, cyangwa gusimbuza ibice—bitandukanye n’udukingirizo dukenera serivisi kenshi cyangwa utwuma dukoresha umuvuduko dushobora kuziba. Nanone duhuza neza na sisitemu zisanzwe zo kugenzura binyuze muri gahunda zisanzwe nka Modbus, HART, cyangwa 4-20mA analog output. Ibi bivuze ko amakuru y’urwego ashobora koherezwa mu gihe nyacyo kuri sisitemu za SCADA, porogaramu yo gucunga ububiko, cyangwa platforms zishingiye ku bicu, bigatuma abakora bakurikirana urwego bari kure, bagashyiraho amakuru yikora ku rwego rwo hasi/ruri hejuru, kandi bagafata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru ajyanye no kongeramo cyangwa gusohora ibigega/silos.
Tekereza ku gisenge kinini cy’ibinyampeke gifite silo nyinshi zibika ingano n’ibigori. Imashini itanga amakuru ku rwego rwa radar idakora kuri buri silo itanga amakuru nyayo kandi y’igihe nyacyo, bigatuma ikigo gikurikirana ububiko bw’ibinyampeke hatabayeho igenzura ryakozwe n’intoki (bitwara igihe kinini kandi bikaba byateza akaga). Iyo silo yegereje ubushobozi bwo gusohora, sisitemu itangira gutanga ubutumwa bwo guhagarika ibinyampeke byinjira, ikarinda ko birengerwa n’amazi. Mu ruganda rutunganya peteroli, imashini zitanga amakuru ku bigega bya peteroli zipima neza ingano y’ibinyampeke bibitswe, zishyigikira kubahiriza ibisabwa n’amategeko no kunoza gahunda yo kohereza amato.
Mu gusoza, icyuma gipima urwego rwa radar kidakora ku buryo buhuye cyahinduye uburyo gipima urwego rwa tank na silo. Imiterere yacyo idakora ku buryo buhuye n’uburyo gipima urwego rwa tank n’urwego rwa silo ikoreshwamo ikuraho inenge z’ibikoresho gakondo, ubuhanga bwacyo buhanitse bugabanya ingaruka mbi mu mikorere, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye bujyanye n’ibikenewe mu nganda. Ku bigo bishaka kunoza umutekano, kunoza imicungire y’ibikoresho, no kunoza imikorere muri rusange, iri koranabuhanga si igikoresho cyo gupima gusa—ni umutungo w’ingenzi utuma habaho kwizerwa no gutanga umusaruro mu bikorwa bya none by’inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2025