Bitewe n'uko imicungire y'amazi ihagaze ubu, nko kuba nta bushobozi buhagije bwo gutanga amazi, ubushobozi buke bwo gucunga imitungo, uburyo bwo gukurikirana budatunganye, uburyo bwo gukora no kubungabunga serivisi no kuzikoresha, hamwe n'urwego ruto rwo gutanga amakuru, ibigo byinshi by'amazi byatangiye kubaka urubuga rwo gutanga amakuru y'amazi, nka urubuga rw'ibanze rw'itumanaho, urubuga rw'ubutumwa buhuriweho, urubuga rwa GIS ruhuriweho, urubuga rw'amakuru n'izindi mbuga z'ibanze zo gutanga ubufasha. Uretse gukora, umuyoboro w'imiyoboro, serivisi ku bakiliya, plaque enye zuzuye zo gukoresha na sisitemu y'ubwishingizi bw'umutekano w'amakuru, sisitemu y'ubufasha bw'amakuru, sisitemu y'ubufasha bw'amakuru, sisitemu ebyiri zo gushyigikira.
Mu bijyanye n'imicungire yuzuye, kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi by'amakuru, no gushyiraho uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gusesengura amakuru manini; Kunoza iyubakwa ry'ikigo cy'ubutasi gitanga amakuru mu buryo bw'ubwenge kugira ngo gihuze n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye ry'itangwa ry'ibikorwa, amabwiriza yihutirwa, gufata ibyemezo, kwerekana amashusho n'ibindi bintu.
Ku bijyanye n'imikoranire yo hanze, gushimangira ubufatanye n'inzego za leta zibishinzwe kugira ngo habeho ituze mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage n'iterambere ry'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, no kwemeza ko umutungo usaranganyijwe mu bijyanye n'umutekano w'amazi, amazi anyura mu mazi, gutunganya imyanda no kugenzura ibikorwa byihutirwa.
Ibikubiye mu bwubatsi bw'amakuru ajyanye n'amazi meza
1. Gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge
1. Sisitemu ya SCADA Sisitemu ya SCADA ikubiyemo "igenzura ry'ibikorwa byose kuva ku isoko ry'amazi kugeza ku isoko ry'amazi yanduye". Binyuze mu bikoresho byo gukusanya kuri interineti, sisitemu ya SCADA igenzura ibikorwa byose by'amazi, umusaruro w'amazi, ikwirakwizwa ry'amazi, ikoreshwa ry'amazi, uruganda rutunganya imyanda n'aho amazi yanduye aturuka, itanga inkunga yizewe y'amakuru ku mikorere, umusaruro n'ingengabihe yuzuye y'ibigo. Bityo, kohereza no kohereza mu buryo bunoze ibigo bitanga amazi bishobora kugerwaho.
2. Sisitemu yo kwikora
Sisitemu yo kugenzura amazi mu buryo bwikora ikoresha cyane cyane gahunda yo kugenzura amazi mu buryo bwikora ikoresha uburyo bwikora kugira ngo ikemure igenzura ry’imikoreshereze y’amazi ku bantu bose cyangwa bake mu ruganda rw’amazi. Iyi simulation ya digitale ya 3D irimo simulation y’imikorere y’umusaruro n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’imiyoboro, bitanga icyizere cy’imikorere n’isukura ry’uruganda rw’amazi. Sisitemu yo kugenzura no gucunga ibikoresho ahanini ishyigikira imicungire myiza y’ubuzima bwose bw’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho byo kugenzura aho uruganda rw’amazi rukorera. Imikorere n’imicungire y’imikoreshereze y’uruganda rw’amazi no gucunga imikoreshereze y’ingufu no gusesengura uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa, gukurikirana no gusesengura ibimenyetso by’imikoreshereze y’ingufu mu ruganda rw’amazi mu buryo nyabwo, no gufata ibyemezo ku mikorere y’uruganda rw’amazi, gucunga, gutegura, gutegura, kunoza imikoreshereze y’ibikorwa, gusuzuma amakosa, gusesengura ingero z’amakuru n’ibindi bikorwa birambuye.
3. Sisitemu yo gucunga ibikoresho
Sisitemu yo gucunga ibikoresho igenzura imicungire y'amakuru yerekeye kubungabunga, kugenzura no kubungabunga buri munsi. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ikusanya amakuru mu buryo butandukanye, ikayashyira mu byiciro, ikayasesengura incamake kandi igashyiraho urubuga rwo gusesengura amakuru manini rwateguwe, rufite inzego, rusanzwe kandi rufite ubwenge kugira ngo rufashe gusobanukirwa vuba imiterere y'imikorere ya buri ruganda rw'amazi.
2. Imicungire y'ubwenge
1.GIS
Ikoranabuhanga rya GIS rikoreshwa mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga imiyoboro y'amazi, igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro y'amazi, isesengura ry'imikorere y'imiyoboro y'amazi, kubungabunga imiyoboro y'amazi, kugenzura no gusana hamwe n'urundi rubuga rw'amakuru arambuye kugira ngo hacungwe imiyoboro y'amazi igenda irushaho kuba minini no gutanga inkunga mu gufata ibyemezo by'ibigo by'amazi.
2.DMA
Sisitemu y'amakuru yerekeye imicungire y'icyuho mu musaruro no mu kwamamaza yashyizweho kugira ngo ikwirakwizwe mu gusangira amakuru, kandi icyuho mu musaruro no mu kwamamaza gicungwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa tekiniki nko gupima uturere no kugenzura amazi asohoka, kugira ngo hagenzurwe icyuho mu musaruro no mu kwamamaza ku rwego rukwiye. 3. Isuzumwa ry'amazi Gushyiraho sisitemu y'icyitegererezo cy'amazi, kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'igenamigambi ry'imiyoboro y'amazi, igishushanyo mbonera, impinduka, imicungire ya buri munsi n'ibindi bintu, no gushyiraho sisitemu ya siyansi yo gucunga ingengabihe ishingiye kuri sisitemu y'amazi, no gushyiraho icyitegererezo cy'umwuga nk'umuvuduko w'amazi.
(3) Serivisi y'ubwenge
1. Sisitemu yo kwamamaza
Hashingiwe ku bubiko bw'amakuru yerekeye imicungire y'amafaranga y'ubucuruzi bw'amazi buriho bw'ikigo gitanga amazi, hamwe cyane n'uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bwo gucunga amafaranga y'ubucuruzi bw'amazi, hubakwa uburyo bugezweho bwo gucunga ubucuruzi bw'amazi buhuza amafaranga y'ubucuruzi, imibare y'amakuru n'imicungire yuzuye, kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa imicungire myiza y'ubucuruzi bw'amafaranga y'ubucuruzi n'ubucuruzi.
2. Sisitemu yo gukoresha
Sisitemu yo gusaba serivisi ni igice cy’uburyo bwo gucunga ubucuruzi bw’ikigo gitanga amazi, kigenzura uburyo bwo kwinjiza amakuru y’ubuhanga, ubushakashatsi n’igishushanyo mbonera, gushushanya no gusuzuma hamwe, ingengo y’imari n’ibaruramari rya nyuma, kubaka no kurangiza.
3. Hamagara sisitemu
Kugira ngo kunoze ireme rya serivisi, gukemura ibibazo bifatika by’abaturage no gushyiraho ishusho nziza ya serivisi, ni ngombwa gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guhamagara no gucunga kugira ngo hashyirweho ikigo cyihariye gitanga serivisi ku bakiliya. Ikigo gitanga serivisi ku bakiliya gifite inshingano zo gukorana n’abajyanama mu bucuruzi, gushakisha imisoro, kwishyura serivisi ku giti cyabo, gutunganya ibikorwa byo gusana, ibirego by’abakiriya, kwishyura mu buryo bwikora n’izindi serivisi, hamwe no gucunga serivisi zo hanze mu buryo bwa siyansi n’ubuziranenge bw’amashami atandukanye, kugira ngo bikemurwe neza ibibazo byari biri mu buryo bwa serivisi bwabanje, nko gukora imirimo idahuje n’ubumenyi, gutanga umutungo mu buryo butari bwo, no gucunga serivisi zidahuje n’amahame.
(4) Sisitemu yuzuye
1. Sisitemu ya OA
Nk'urwego rw'ubufatanye bw'ibiro by'ikigo cy'amazi, sisitemu ya OA ishobora gutanga amakuru ku bikorwa byose bya buri munsi by'abakozi b'ikigo no kugera ku "biro bidakoresha impapuro" muri sosiyete. Sisitemu ya OA ikubiyemo imyitwarire yose ya buri munsi y'amashami yose, harimo imari, abakozi, ubwubatsi, n'amashami yo gutanga serivisi. Ikubiyemo imirimo nko gutumanaho mu ishami, imeri, gutanga ubutumwa, gucunga inyandiko, gucunga abakozi, gucunga abitabiriye, no gucunga inzira.
2. Urubuga rwa interineti rwa interineti
Nk'umushinga w'ikigo, urubuga rwa interineti ni idirishya ry'ikigo, rifite inshingano zo gutangaza amakuru no kwerekana amakuru mu byiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga rwa interineti rw'ikigo rugomba guhora ruvugurura amakuru y'amatangazo y'amazi yo mu mujyi, ay'amatangazo yo guhagarika amazi, n'ibindi, kugira ngo amakuru ahabwe igihe kandi akazi k'imbere mu kigo kagaragare neza kandi gashyirwe mu mucyo.
3. Gufasha mu gufata ibyemezo
Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'urubuga ruhuriweho, sisitemu y'ibyemezo by'ubufasha ishobora gutanga ishingiro ry'ubufasha ku bakozi babishinzwe. Uru rubuga ruhuza n'izindi sisitemu binyuze muri serivisi ya ESB enterprise, kandi rugakora ikigo cy'amakuru nyuma yo gutunganya, gushungura no guhindura amakuru ya ETL. Hashingiwe ku kigo cy'amakuru, sisitemu y'ibyemezo by'ubufasha ikora raporo y'amashusho ya BI binyuze mu isesengura ry'amakuru na algorithme zimwe na zimwe, kandi ikagaragaza ibisubizo by'ubufasha mu byemezo mu mbonerahamwe, imbonerahamwe, raporo n'ubundi buryo.
4. LIMS
Sisitemu yo gucunga amakuru ya laboratwari, cyangwa LIMS, igizwe n'ibikoresho bya mudasobwa na porogaramu, bishobora kurangiza gukusanya, gusesengura, gutanga raporo no gucunga amakuru n'amakuru ya laboratwari. Hashingiwe ku bikoresho bya LAN, LIMS yagenewe by'umwihariko ibidukikije muri rusange bya laboratwari. Ni sisitemu ikora neza irimo ibikoresho byo kubona ibimenyetso, porogaramu yo gutumanaho amakuru na porogaramu yo gucunga amakuru. Laboratwari niyo shingiro, inzira y'ubucuruzi bwa laboratwari, ibidukikije, abakozi, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya chimique, uburyo busanzwe, ibitabo, inyandiko, imicungire y'imishinga, imicungire y'abakiriya n'ibindi bintu bihuzwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere.
Hashingiwe ku ihame rya "igenamigambi rusange, intambwe ku yindi", sisitemu y'amazi meza yubaka urubuga rw'imicungire y'ibigo by'amazi meza hamwe n'imikorere y'ubucuruzi binyuze mu kubaka amazi meza, kunoza urwego rw'ikigo cy'amazi mu gufata ibyemezo no gutanga serivisi zo gucunga amazi, no kunoza ubushobozi bw'ikigo cy'amazi mu gucunga amazi, inyungu z'ubukungu n'urwego rwa serivisi. Kongera agaciro k'imibereho myiza n'ubukungu bw'amazi asanzwe. Kwibanda ku miyoboro y'amazi itangwa mu mijyi, sisitemu y'amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'ubutaka, DMA, sisitemu yo gucunga ibikoresho, sisitemu y'amakuru yerekeye ubuziranenge bw'amazi n'ibindi bice by'ubwubatsi n'imikorere, kubaka umushinga no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ubwenge, guhuza hafi, kubaka ishingiro ry'icyitegererezo cy'ubwubatsi bw'amazi meza, kubaka sisitemu y'umutekano w'ikoreshwa ry'amazi meza, gushyiraho urufatiro rw'iterambere rirambye ry'ubukungu n'ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-13-2023