Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi mu gupima amazi atwara umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi

Ubuziranenge butagereranywa mu bidukikije bikoresha amashanyarazi​

Mu mizi y'imikorere ya EMF hari imbaraga rukuruzi zikorerwa mu muyoboro utari rukuruzi. Iyo amazi ayobora anyura muri uyu murima, atera voltage ijyanye n'umuvuduko wayo—ipimwa na electrodes ziri mu rukuta rw'umuyoboro. Iyi miterere ikuraho gukenera ibice byimuka cyangwa ibintu byinjira, bishobora kubangamira urujya n'uruza rw'amazi cyangwa bigacika uko igihe kigenda. Ku mazi ayobora afite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi ari hasi ya 5 µS/cm (urugero rworoshye rwuzuzwa n'amazi menshi yo mu nganda, amazi mabi, ndetse n'ibinyobwa byinshi), EMF zitanga ubuziranenge budasanzwe, akenshi ziri munsi ya ± 0.5% by'agaciro kapimwe.​

Tekereza ku nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye zo mu mujyi: imyanda mibi, ikungahaye ku bintu bikomeye byashongeshejwe n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, iratwara amazi menshi cyane. Ibipimo gakondo bya mekanike biragorana kubera kuziba cyangwa kwangirika kw’uduce duto cyane, bigatuma habaho amakosa agera kuri 5–10%. Ku rundi ruhande, EMF ntizigira ingaruka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2023 n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibidukikije mu mazi bwagaragaje ko EMF zashyizwe mu mirongo y’amazi yanduye zagumanye ubuziranenge mu gihe kiri hagati ya ± 0.3% mu gihe cy’amezi 12, nubwo umuvuduko w’amazi n’ubwinshi bw’uduce byahindukaga. Ubu buryo buhamye butuma ibikoresho bitunganya amazi bishobora gukurikirana neza ingano y’amazi yinjira, kunoza ingano y’ibinyabutabire, no gutanga raporo ku makuru y’uko akurikizwa mu buryo bwizewe.

Guhindagurika mu Mazi atandukanye atwara imizigo​

Amavuta atwara amazi akoresha amashanyarazi agizwe n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, n'ibinyabutabire, kuva ku mavuta avanze n'amazi mu nganda z'ibiribwa kugeza ku bisubizo bya aside ihumanya mu gutunganya imiti. Amavuta ya EMF ni meza muri uru rwego. Imiterere yayo idahungabanya ibidukikije irwanya ingese iyo ihujwe n'ibikoresho bihuye (urugero: imiyoboro ya PTFE ikoreshwa mu gupima aside cyangwa electrode z'icyuma kidashonga mu gupima aside), bigatuma ikoreshwa mu gupima amazi yangiza ibyuma bipima.

Mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, urusenda—uruvange rw'amazi n'utubumbe dufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amazi menshi—ni ikintu kigoye gupima. Icyakora, EMF zikora urusenda rufite ibikomeye kugeza kuri 70% nta gihombo mu mikorere. Ikirombe cy'umuringa cyo muri Shili cyatangaje ko guhindura EMF byagabanyije 80% by'ubuziranenge butari buteganijwe ugereranije na metero kare, byasabaga gusukurwa buri cyumweru bitewe n'urusenda rwinshi. EMF zanatanze amakuru y'urusenda mu gihe nyacyo, bituma ikirombe gihindura umuvuduko w'ipompe no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 12% buri mwaka.

Guhuza n'imimerere y'umuvuduko uhindagurika​

Amazi atwara amazi akunze kugaragaza umuvuduko uhindagurika w’amazi, kuva ku muvuduko muke mu kuhira mu buhinzi kugeza ku muvuduko mwinshi mu miyoboro y’inganda. EMF zigumana ubuziranenge mu gipimo cyagutse cyo kumanuka—ubusanzwe 100:1 (urugero, gupima amazi kuva kuri 0.1 kugeza 10 m/s)—zirenze kure igipimo cya 10:1 cy’imashini nyinshi. Uku guhinduka ni ingenzi mu bikorwa nko gukora pulp n’impapuro, aho pulp suspensions (zitwara amazi bitewe n’amazi) zihura n’ihindagurika ryihuse ry’amazi mu gihe cy’ikorwa.​

Uruganda rukora impapuro muri Finlande rwakoresheje EMFs kugira ngo rukurikirane urujya n'uruza rw'imyanda mu gihe cyo kuyihindura umweru. Ibipimo byakurikiranye neza umuvuduko w'amazi uko yazamukaga kuva kuri 2 m/s kugeza kuri 8 m/s mu gihe cyo gukora mu byiciro, bitanga umusaruro ukwiye wa peroxide ya hydrogen. Ibi byagabanyije imyanda ya shimi ku kigero cya 15% kandi byongera ubwiza bw'impapuro, nk'uko byemejwe no kugabanuka kw'impinduka mu bipimo by'urumuri.

Inyungu ku bidukikije n'ubukungu​

Uretse ubuhanga n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, EMF zitanga umusanzu mu kubungabunga no kuzigama amafaranga. Imikorere yazo ikoresha ingufu nke (ikoresha watts 10 gusa) itandukanye n'ibipimo bya mekanike bigabanya umuvuduko w'amazi, bitakaza ingufu binyuze mu kugabanya amazi. Mu ruganda runini rw'ibinyabutabire mu Budage, gusimbuza ibipimo bya mekanike na EMF mu muyoboro wa santimetero 12 utwara umuti utwara amazi byagabanyije ikiguzi cy'ingufu zo kuvoma ho hafi €4.000 buri mwaka, nk'uko byagaragajwe n'inyigo yo mu 2024.

Byongeye kandi, EMF zorohereza kubona amazi asohoka mu miyoboro y’amazi atwara imizigo. Mu gukurikirana buri gihe itandukaniro riri hagati y’aho amazi yinjira n’asohoka, abakora muri iyo miyoboro bashobora kumenya ibintu bitagenda neza bigaragaza ko amazi asohoka—ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwanduza ibidukikije. Uruganda rutunganya peteroli muri Texas rwakoresheje EMF kugira ngo rumenye amazi asohoka mu muyoboro wa peteroli (aturuka ku myunyungugu yashongeshejwe) mbere y’uko azamuka, birinda amafaranga agera ku $500.000 mu ikiguzi cyo gusukura no gutanga amande y’amategeko.

Umwanzuro​

Ibipimo by'amazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki byahinduye uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gupima, bitanga uburyo budasanzwe bwo gupima amazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo butandukanye, kandi bitanga uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye mu buryo busanzwe aho ibipimo bisanzwe binanirwa. Kuva ku gutunganya amazi yanduye kugeza ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gutunganya imiti, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo byihariye by'amazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki—ubushyuhe, ingese, n'amazi ahindagurika—bituma biba ingenzi mu bikorwa bya none by'inganda n'imiturire. Uko inganda zirushaho gushyira imbere imikorere myiza no kuramba, uruhare rwa EMF mu kugenzura neza, ku giciro gito, kandi byujuje ibisabwa bizarushaho kuba ingenzi.