Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic: Amahame, Ibyiza, n'Imikoreshereze y'Inganda

Ihame ry'ibanze ry'imikorere​

Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic bikora hakurikijwe ihame ry'igihe cyo kuguruka (ToF), uburyo bworoshye ariko bufite akamaro bwirinda gukorana n'icyuma gipimye. Iki gikoresho kigizwe na transducer (sensor) itanga imiraba ya ultrasound ifite frequency yo hejuru (ubusanzwe 20 kHz kugeza 200 kHz, irenga amatwi y'abantu) yerekeza ku buso bw'amazi cyangwa ikintu gikomeye (urugero, ingano, ifu). Iyo iyi miraba igeze ku buso bw'icyuma, igaruka kuri transducer.​

Igipimo kibara igihe gishize hagati y’ibyuka n’uburyo imiraba yakira. Ikoresheje umuvuduko uzwi w’amajwi mu kirere (cyangwa gazi ikikije), ibarura intera igera ku buso bw’icyo gipimo ikoresheje formula: Intera = (Umuvuduko w’Ijwi × Igihe cyarenze) / 2 (igabanyijwemo 2 kuko imiraba igera ku buso no kugaruka). Mu gukuramo iyi ntera mu burebure bwose bw’ikigega cyangwa ubwato, icyo gipimo kigena urwego nyarwo rw’icyo gipimo.

Moderi zigezweho zikunze kuba zifite uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe, kuko umuvuduko w'amajwi utandukana bitewe n'ubushyuhe. Uku guhindura ibintu bituma ibipimo biba byiza ndetse no mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buhindagurika.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic​

Igitandukanya ibipimo by’urwego rwa ultrasonic n’ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rishingiye ku gukoraho (urugero: switches zo mu mazi, transmitters) ni inyungu zidasanzwe zabyo:

1. Igipimo cyo Kudakora ku kintu: Kubera ko transducer idakora ku kintu, iki gipimo kirinda ibibazo nko kwangirika, guhumeka, cyangwa kwangirika kw'imashini—ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ku bikoresho bikoranaho iyo bipima ibinyobwa bikaze (urugero: aside) cyangwa ibintu bikomeye (urugero: umwanda). Ibi kandi bikuraho ibyago byo kwandura, bigatuma biba byiza mu gukoresha mu biribwa, mu miti no mu mazi yo kunywa.​

2. Gushyiramo byoroshye no Kubungabunga bike: Ibipimo byinshi bya ultrasonic bishyirwa hejuru y'ibigega cyangwa amato, nta guhindura igikoresho cyangwa guhagarika imikorere. Hatabayeho ko ibice byimuka, ntibikenera gusa kubungabungwa - gusa gusukura transducer rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo bikureho umukungugu cyangwa imyanda, bigabanye igihe cyo gukora n'amafaranga yo kuyikoresha.​

3. Ingano yagutse yo gupima no gukoresha neza: Bikora ku rugero rwagutse, kuva kuri santimetero nke (ku matangi mato) kugeza kuri metero zirenga 30 (ku mato manini yo mu nganda). Hamwe no gutunganya ibimenyetso bigezweho, ubuziranenge busanzwe buri hagati ya ± 0.2% na ± 1% by'urugero rwapimwe, bigahura n'ibikenewe mu nganda nyinshi.

4. Guhuza n'Ibitangazamakuru Bitandukanye: Bitandukanye n'ikoranabuhanga rimwe na rimwe (urugero, ibipimo bya radar, bihangana n'ibintu bikomeye bike), ibipimo bya ultrasonic bikora n'ibintu binyobwa (amazi, amavuta, imiti) ndetse n'ibintu bikomeye (ibinyampeke, amakara, uduce twa pulasitiki). Bikora neza kandi mu bidukikije birimo ivumbi, umwuka, cyangwa umuyaga woroshye, bitewe no kuyungurura ibimenyetso byubatswemo.​

Porogaramu z'inganda​

Ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic birakoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, kandi bikoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi:

• Amazi n'amazi yanduye yo mu Mujyi: Bagenzura ingano y'amazi mu bigega byo kubikamo amazi, aho amazi yanduye azamuka, n'aho amazi y'imvura aturuka, bagenzura ko amazi atangwa buri gihe kandi bakirinda ko amazi arenga inkombe. Imiterere yabo idahuye ni ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda kwanduza amazi yo kunywa no kwangirika kw'amazi yanduye.

• Ibiribwa n'Ibinyobwa: Mu nganda zikora amata, ibinyobwa, cyangwa ibiribwa byatunganyijwe, ibipimo bipima urwego rw'ibintu (urugero: sirupe, amavuta) n'ibicuruzwa byarangiye mu bigega. Imiterere yabyo isuku kandi idahuye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'umutekano w'ibiribwa (urugero: FDA, EU 10/2011).

• Imiti n'imiti: Mu bijyanye no gufata imiti ihumanya (urugero: aside, imiti isukura) cyangwa imiti yoroheje, ibyuma bipima amashanyarazi bikuraho ibyago byo kwandura hagati no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Bikora kandi mu byuma bifunze kugira ngo bigumane ibintu bidafite ubusembwa.

• Ubuhinzi n'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y'agaciro: Mu buhinzi, bakurikirana urugero rw'ibinyampeke cyangwa ibigega by'amazi yo kuhira. Mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bakurikirana urugero rw'ibice by'amabuye y'agaciro, ifu y'amakara, cyangwa iy'amabuye y'agaciro, bashyigikira imicungire myiza y'ibikoresho n'imicungire y'ububiko.

Umwanzuro​

Ibipimo by’urwego rwa Ultrasonic bihuza uburyo bworoshye, bwizewe, kandi bukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, bigatuma biba igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gupima urwego rw'inganda zigezweho. Igishushanyo cyabyo kidahuye n'aho giherereye gikemura ibibazo by'ingenzi by'ikoranabuhanga gakondo, mu gihe ubuziranenge bwabyo n'ibikenewe mu kubungabunga bike bigabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere. Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gushyira imbere imikorere myiza n'umutekano, ibi bipimo bizakomeza kuba ingenzi mu kugenzura ibikorwa—kuva mu micungire y'amazi yo mu mujyi kugeza ku gukora imiti neza cyane. Ku bigo bishaka igisubizo gihendutse kandi gipima urwego rw'inganda, ibipimo by'urwego rwa Ultrasonic bitanga agaciro katagereranywa.