Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi by'uburyo bw'itumanaho rikoresha umugozi?

Uburyo bwo gutumanaho bukoresha insinga bukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho nka ultrasound water metters, kandi ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo bigaragarira cyane mu bworoshye, ikiguzi, ubudahindagurika, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, nibindi. Ibi bikurikira ni isesengura ry'ibyiza n'ibibi by'uburyo busanzwe bwo gutumanaho bukoresha insinga:

I. LoRa (Radiyo y'Indashyikirwa)

Ibyiza:

• Intera ndende yo kohereza amakuru: Kugeza kuri kilometero 1-3 mu mijyi na kilometero 5-10 mu nkengero z'umujyi/ahantu hafunguye, bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu miyoboro minini y'ibikoresho byo mu cyaro (nk'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu cyaro n'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi).
• Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke: Ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya spread-spectrum, ikoresha ingufu nke cyane. Iyo ikoresha bateri, igihe cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kugera ku myaka 5-10, bigabanura ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha mu kuyisimbuza bateri kenshi.
• Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya urusaku n'ingaruka mbi: Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urusaku n'ingaruka mbi nyinshi burushaho kunozwa binyuze mu itumanaho rikwirakwira, bigatuma riberanye n'inganda zikomeye.
• Inkunga ku miyoboro minini: Irembo rimwe rishobora guhuza ibikoresho ibihumbi, bikwiriye gukoreshwa ku miyoboro minini kandi rifite ikiguzi gito cyo guhuza imiyoboro.

Ibibi:

• Igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru kiri hasi: Ni urwego rw'itumanaho rya narrowband, aho umuvuduko ukunze kuva kuri mirongo kugeza kuri amagana ya kbps, ibyo bikaba bidakwiye kohereza amakuru menshi mu gihe nyacyo (nk'amakuru yo kugenzura amakuru akoreshwa inshuro nyinshi).
• Gushingira ku ishyirwa ry'irembo: Irembo rya LoRa ryihariye rigomba gushyirwaho, bigatuma hashorwa ibikoresho byinshi ku ntangiriro. Byongeye kandi, uburyo amarembo ashyirwamo bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku butaka (nk'inyubako n'imbogamizi).

II. NB-IoT (Umuyoboro wa interineti w'ibintu bitagira ingano)

Ibyiza:

• Ifite ubwinshi bunini cyane bw'ubwikorezi: Ishingiye ku mashami y'itumanaho akoresha itumanaho, ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza ubwikorezi (ishobora kwinjira mu nkuta no mu miyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka), ikwiriye uturere tw'imijyi dutuwe cyane cyangwa ibikoresho byo munsi y'ubutaka (nk'ibipimo by'amazi bitatse).
• Ingufu nke zikoreshwa: Bateri ishobora kumara imyaka 3-8, ihaza ibyifuzo by'imikorere ihamye y'igihe kirekire.
• Inkunga ku miyoboro minini: Sitasiyo imwe ishobora guhuza ibikoresho 100.000, bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu guhindura ingano nini y'amazi mu mijyi.
• Nta mpamvu yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo byigenga: Koresha umuyoboro w'umukozi mu buryo butaziguye, uzigame ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho amarembo, kandi ushobora guhuzwa n'umuyoboro mu buryo butunguranye.

Ibibi:

• Gushingira ku bimenyetso by'umukoresha: Ahantu hatandukanye cyangwa ahantu hatagaragara ibimenyetso (nk'amazu yo munsi y'ubutaka) hashobora kudatumanaho bisanzwe, bigasaba ko hashyirwaho ibikoresho byo kongeramo ibimenyetso.
• Amafaranga y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu (traffic fees): Ni ngombwa kwishyura amafaranga y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku bakoresha amakuru, kandi ikiguzi gishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire ry'amakuru manini.
• Igipimo cy'amakuru gito: Ni ikoranabuhanga rya narrowband rifite igipimo gito (ubusanzwe kiri munsi ya 200 kbps), ridakwiriye kohereza amakuru menshi kandi menshi.

III. Bluetooth

Ibyiza:

• Gukoresha mu buryo bworoshye: Nta bikorwa remezo by'inyongera bikenewe. Ishobora kuvugana na telefoni zigendanwa n'ibikoresho bifatwa mu ntoki mu ntera ngufi (metero 10-100), yorohereza gukosora no gusoma amakuru aho ari (nk'abasoma ibipimo basoma amakuru aho ari bakoresheje ibyuma bifatwa mu ntoki).
• Ingufu nke zikoreshwa: Muri Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ni rito cyane, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka nke ku buzima bwa batiri y'igikoresho.
• Ikorana neza cyane: Hafi ya terefone zose zikoresha ubwenge (telefone zigendanwa, tableti) zikoresha Bluetooth, hatabayeho ibikoresho byihariye.

Ibibi:

• Intera ngufi yo kohereza ubutumwa: Itumanaho ry'intera ngufi ni ryo ryemerewe gusa, ridashobora guhaza ibisabwa byo gusoma cyangwa kugenzura metero uri kure.
• Umutekano muke: Biroroshye kwivanga cyangwa kubyumvisha amakuru, kandi ntibikwiriye kohereza amakuru y’ibanga (nk’amakuru y’ikoreshwa ry’amazi n’umukoresha).
• Umumaro umwe: Ishobora gusa gutumanaho hagati y’aho igera n’aho igera kandi ntishobora gukora umuyoboro munini.

IV. GPRS/4G (Umuyoboro wa telefoni zigendanwa)

Ibyiza:

• Igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru kiri hejuru: Igipimo cya 4G gishobora kugera kuri 100 Mbps, gishobora kohereza amakuru menshi mu gihe nyacyo (nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi mu nganda mu buryo bwihuta).
• Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru: Bitewe n'umuyoboro w'abakora amakuru bakuze, nta hantu hashobora kuba hatagaragara itumanaho (usibye ahantu hatandukanye cyane).
• Imikorere ikomeye mu gihe nyacyo: Gutinda kohereza amakuru ni bike, bikwiranye n'ibintu bisaba byinshi mu gihe nyacyo (nk'igenzura ry'amazi n'ikimenyetso cy'amazi kidasanzwe).

Ibibi:

• Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa: Iyi module ikenera umuriro uhoraho mu gihe ikora, bigatuma bateri imara igihe gito (ubusanzwe imyaka 1-2). Ikenera umuriro wo hanze cyangwa gusimbuza bateri kenshi, hamwe n'ikiguzi cyo kuyisana kiri hejuru.
• Igiciro kiri hejuru: Amafaranga yo gukoresha SIM card agomba kwishyurwa, kandi ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha mu gihe kirekire kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’icya LoRa/NB-IoT.
• Guhagarara kw'ibimenyetso bigirwaho ingaruka n'ibidukikije: Ikimenyetso gishobora kuba gito mu bice nko mu mazu yo munsi y'ubutaka n'imiyoboro ifunze, bigatuma habaho guhagarika ihererekanya ry'amakuru.