Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gutumanaho bukoreshwa mu gupima amazi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga?

Nk'ibikoresho bipima by'ubwenge, ibipimo by'amazi bya ultrasonic byishingikiriza ku mikorere y'itumanaho kugira ngo bigere ku kohereza amakuru, kugenzura kure, no kuyacunga. Uburyo busanzwe bw'itumanaho bugabanyijemo itumanaho ry'insinga n'itumanaho ridafite insinga, nk'ibi bikurikira:

I. Uburyo bwo Gutumanaho hakoreshejwe Insinga

1. Itumanaho rya RS485
   • Ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho ry’insinga mu nganda. Bukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso bitandukanye, bufite intera yo kohereza kugeza kuri metero 1200 kandi bugafasha mu miyoboro myinshi (ibikoresho bigera kuri 32 bishobora guhuzwa).
   • Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bihuza na concentrateurs, PLCs, cyangwa mudasobwa zo hejuru binyuze muri interfaces za RS485 kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo nyabwo bwo kohereza amakuru (nk'urujya n'uruza rw'amazi ako kanya, urujya n'uruza rw'amazi) hamwe n'imiterere y'ibipimo (nk'urugero rw'aho amazi anyura, urugero rw'ingufu z'ubusabe).
   • Porotokole y'itumanaho ikoresha cyane cyane Modbus-RTU, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi kandi yoroshye kuyihuza na sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugenzura.
2. M-Bus (Bisi ya metero)
   • Igipimo ngenderwaho cya bisi cyagenewe ibikoresho bipima, gishyigikira amashanyarazi ya bisi (nta mpamvu yo gutanga ingufu ku bipimo by'amazi ukwabyo), kibereye gupima ibipimo by'amazi, ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ibindi bikoresho mu buryo bwa rusange.
   • Intera yo kohereza amazi ishobora kugera kuri metero zirenga 500, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwirinda kubangamira buruta RS485. Ifite insinga zoroshye (sisitemu y'insinga ebyiri), ikoreshwa cyane mu gucunga metero z'amazi mu mazu no mu nyubako.
3. Umusaruro w'ingufu
   • Ikoreshwa mu itumanaho ryoroshye rikoresha insinga. Igipimo cy'amazi gitanga ibimenyetso by'ingufu binyuze mu gusimbuza urubingo cyangwa senseri z'amashanyarazi, kandi umubare w'ingufu ujyanye n'uko amazi akoreshwa.
   • Ikunze gukoreshwa mu guhuza na PLC, abakusanya amakuru n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo hakorwe ibipimo byoroshye byo gupima amazi. Ifite igiciro gito ariko ifite imikorere imwe (ishobora kohereza amakuru akoreshwa gusa).

II. Uburyo bwo gutumanaho butarimo umugozi

1. LoRa (Radiyo y'Indashyikirwa)
   • Ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya spread spectrum, ifite intera ndende yo kohereza amakuru (kilometero 1-3 mu mijyi, kilometero 5-10 mu nkengero z'umujyi), ikoresha ingufu nke (igihe bateri imara gishobora kuba imyaka 5-10), kandi ishyigikira itumanaho rinini (ibikoresho birenga 1.000).
   • Ikwiriye gupimwa metero z'amazi mu buryo bwa kure, cyane cyane ikoreshwa cyane mu bice binini (nk'imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu mijyi, sisitemu z'amazi zo mu cyaro). Ishobora kuvugana mu buryo butaziguye n'amarembo ya LoRa, hanyuma ikagera kuri platform y'ibicu inyuze mu irembo.
2. NB-IoT (Umurongo wa Narrow Band w'ibintu)
   • Ikoranabuhanga rya interineti rikoresha ingufu nke rishingiye ku miyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa, rikorerwamo na sitasiyo z’ibanze zitangwa n’abakora, hatabayeho kwiyubakira amarembo. Rifite uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru buhamye kandi rikwirakwira cyane (rishobora kwinjira mu nkuta no mu miyoboro yo munsi y’ubutaka).
   • Ishyigikira itumanaho rinini (buri selile ishobora guhuza ibikoresho 100.000) kandi ikoresha ingufu nke (igihe cya bateri ni imyaka 3-8), ikwiriye guhindura metero z'amazi mu mijyi mu buryo bw'ubwenge, ikagera ku rubuga rw'ibicu kugira ngo ikurikirane amakuru iri kure kandi ikore isesengura ryayo.
3. Bluetooth
   • Itumanaho rikoresha insinga ritari kure (ubusanzwe metero 10-100) rikoresha ingufu nke, rikoreshwa cyane mu gukemura ibibazo biri aho rikorera no gusoma amakuru ari kure (nk'uko abahanga mu gupima baregera ibyuma bipima amazi bafite ibikoresho bifatwa mu ntoki kugira ngo basome amakuru).
   • Ntabwo bikwiriye gusomwa mu buryo bwa kure, ariko bishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bw'ubufasha mu gutumanaho kugira ngo byorohereze abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho gushyiraho ibipimo cyangwa gukemura ibibazo aho biherereye.
4. GPRS/4G (Umuyoboro wa telefoni zigendanwa)
   • Hashingiwe ku muyoboro w’itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa, ifite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru menshi kandi ishobora kohereza amakuru menshi mu gihe nyacyo, ariko ikoresha ingufu nyinshi (ikenera umuriro wo hanze cyangwa batiri ifite ubushobozi bwinshi), kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru cyane.
   • Ikwiriye ibintu bisaba cyane kugira ngo amakuru akoreshwe mu buryo nyabwo (nk'igenzura rya metero nini z'amazi zo mu nganda) cyangwa nk'uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma itumanaho ku bundi buryo butarimo umugozi.

• Itumanaho ryifashishije insinga (RS485, M-Bus) rikwiriye gushyirwamo ibintu bidahinduka n'ibisanzwe, mbere na mbere hagashyirwamo uburyo bwo guhagarara;
• Itumanaho rikoresha umugozi (LoRa, NB-IoT) rikwiriye ahantu hatandukanye kandi hanini, hagashyirwa imbere ubworoherane;
• Umuvuduko wa pulse na Bluetooth bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima byoroshye cyangwa mu gukemura ibibazo by’inyongera.