Mu mazi ya noneimiterere y'ibipimo, ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki hamwe n'ibipimo by'amazi bya ultrasonic bigaragazwa nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rigezweho. Buri bwoko bufite imiterere yabwo yihariye, ikomoka ku mahame yabwo atandukanye y'imikorere. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro ni ingenzi ku bigo by'amazi, abakoresha inganda, n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo bafate ibyemezo bisobanutse neza mu gihe bahitamo igisubizo cyiza cyo gupima amazi ku bikorwa byabo byihariye.
1. Amahame y'imikorere
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bikora hashingiwe ku itegeko rya Faraday ryo kwinjizwa kwa elegitoroniki. Iyo amazi atemba, nk'amazi, anyuze mu ngufu za elegitoroniki zakozwe muri icyo kimenyetso, imbaraga za elegitoroniki (EMF) ziraterwa. Iyi EMF iterwa ingana n'umuvuduko w'amazi atemba. Iki kimenyetso gipima iyi EMF gikoresheje electrodes zishyizwe ku mpande zihanganye z'umuyoboro w'amazi. Mu gupima imbaraga za voltage iterwa, umuvuduko w'amazi ushobora kumenyekana. Kubera ko agace k'umuyoboro w'amazi kazwi, umuvuduko w'amazi ushobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula
Q=v×A, aho Q ari umuvuduko w’amazi, v ni umuvuduko, naho A ikaba agace k’igice.
1.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ku rundi ruhande, ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bikoresha ihame ry'igihe cyo kuguruka kw'imiraba ya Ultrasonic mu mazi. Bipima itandukaniro ry'igihe hagati yo gukwirakwira kw'ibimenyetso bya Ultrasonic mu mazi atemba no mu mazi atemba. Iyo umuraba wa Ultrasonic woherejwe mu mazi, umuvuduko wawo wo gukwirakwira uterwa n'umuvuduko w'amazi atemba. Iyo umuraba woherejwe mu cyerekezo cy'amazi atemba (mu mazi), uzagenda vuba, kandi iyo woherejwe ugana ku mugezi (mu mazi atemba), uzagenda buhoro. Mu gupima neza iri tandukaniro ry'igihe, umuvuduko w'amazi ushobora kubarwa. Kimwe na metero zipima amazi za electromagnetic, umuvuduko umaze kumenyekana, umuvuduko w'amazi ushobora kugenwa hakubakwa umuvuduko n'agace k'igice cy'umuyoboro cyangwa umuyoboro aho amazi atemba.
2. Ibiranga Imikorere
2.1 Ubuziranenge
2.1.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bizwiho kuba bifite ubunyangamugayo bwinshi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'umuvuduko wo hagati n'uwo hejuru. Bishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubunyangamugayo kugeza kuri 0.5% cyangwa kurushaho mu bihe byiza. Ubu bunyangamugayo bwinshi buterwa n'ihame rihamye kandi ryumvikana neza ryo kwinjiza amashanyarazi. Ariko, ibintu nk'impinduka mu mbaraga za elegitoroniki (zishobora kugira ingaruka ku masoko y'inyuma ya elegitoroniki), kwangirika kwa elegitoroniki, cyangwa gushyiraho nabi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bunyangamugayo bwabyo. Urugero, iyo elegitoroniki zipfutseho ubwinshi bw'amazi uko igihe kigenda gihita, EMF yapimwe ishobora kugorekwa, bigatuma habaho isuzuma ry'umuvuduko w'amazi ritameze neza.
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic nabyo bitanga ubuziranenge bwiza, ubusanzwe biri hagati ya 1% na 2% mu bikorwa rusange. Ubuziranenge bwabyo bushobora guterwa n'ibintu nko kuba hari uduce tw'umwuka, ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, cyangwa impinduka mu miterere y'amajwi y'amazi. Urugero, uduce tw'umwuka dushobora gukwirakwiza imiraba ya Ultrasonic, bigatuma habaho gupima igihe kitari cyo cyo kuguruka. Mu bikorwa birimo amazi meza n'imiterere y'amazi ihamye, ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bishobora gutanga ingero zizewe kandi ziboneye. Muri bimwe mu bikoresho bigezweho, uburyo bwo kumenya ultrasonic bukoreshwa mu nzira nyinshi bukoreshwa kugira ngo bunoze ubuziranenge binyuze mu gupima impuzandengo y'ibipimo bivuye mu nzira nyinshi za Ultrasonic mu mazi atemba.
2.2 Urugendo rw'amazi
2.2.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki muri rusange bifite urwego runini rw'amazi atemba, hamwe n'ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kugera ku rugero rusanzwe (ikigereranyo cy'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amazi ugera ku muvuduko ntarengwa upimirwa) cya 100:1 cyangwa kirenga. Bikwiriye gupima ikoreshwa ry'inganda zitemba amazi menshi, nko mu nganda nini zitunganya amazi cyangwa sisitemu zo gukonjesha mu nganda, ndetse n'ikoreshwa ry'imiturire n'ubucuruzi biciriritse. Ariko, imikorere yabyo ku muvuduko muto cyane w'amazi ishobora kuba mike. Ku muvuduko muto cyane, EMF iterwa ishobora kuba idakomeye cyane ku buryo idashobora gupimwa neza, bigatuma habaho amakosa mu gice cyo hasi cy'umuvuduko w'amazi.
2.2.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bizwiho ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gupima amazi make. Akenshi bishobora kumenya umuvuduko w'amazi uri hasi ya 0.01 m/s cyangwa munsi yayo, bigatuma biba byiza cyane gukoreshwa aho amazi make cyangwa amazi make agomba gupimwa neza, nko mu gupima amazi yo mu ngo kugira ngo hamenyekane amazi asohoka. Uburyo bwo kuyapima bushobora kuba buri hejuru cyane, hamwe n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bugera kuri 400:1 cyangwa irenga. Ubu buryo bunini bwo kuyapima butuma ashobora gukoresha mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku mazi akoreshwa mu ngo nto kugeza ku buryo bunini bwo gukwirakwiza amazi mu nganda no mu mijyi.
2.3 Gutakaza umuvuduko
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki ubusanzwe bifite igihombo gito cyane. Imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amazi mu bipimo bya elegitoroniki akenshi iba igororotse kandi idakingiye, ibyo bigabanyiriza imbaraga zo guhangana n'amazi. Ibi ni ingirakamaro mu mikoreshereze aho kubungabunga amazi afite igihombo kinini ari ingenzi, nko mu nganda nini cyangwa mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza amazi mu ntera ndende. Igihombo gito cyane gifasha kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa n'amapompo n'ibindi bikoresho bigendana n'amazi, kuko hakenewe ingufu nke kugira ngo harengerwe imbaraga zo guhangana n'imbaraga muri icyo gipimo.
2.3.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic nabyo muri rusange bigaragaza igihombo gito cy'umuvuduko. Uburyo bwo gupima muri ultrasound ntabwo burimo imbogamizi iyo ari yo yose mu nzira y'amazi, kuko ibyuma bipima ultrasound bikunze gushyirwa inyuma y'umuyoboro cyangwa umuyoboro w'amazi. Ubu buryo bwo gupima budasaba ubwinshi bw'amazi butuma amazi adatembera neza, bigatuma umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane muri meter. Kimwe na electromagnetic metre, iki kimenyetso gituma ultrasound metre zikoreshwa mu buryo bunoze aho kubungabunga umuvuduko ari ingenzi.
2.4 Igihe cyo gusubiza
2.4.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bifite igihe cyo gusubiza vuba. Iyo habayeho impinduka mu muvuduko w'amazi, EMF iterwa nayo ihinduka hafi ako kanya, kandi iki gipimo gishobora kubona no kwandika iyi mpinduka vuba. Iki gihe cyo gusubiza vuba gituma biba byiza mu bikorwa aho gukurikirana impinduka mu muvuduko w'amazi mu buryo nyabwo bikenewe, nko mu nganda aho impinduka zitunguranye mu byifuzo by'amazi zigomba kugaragara no gucungwa vuba.
2.4.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic nabyo bitanga igihe cyo gusubiza vuba. Gupima igihe cyo kuguruka kw'imiraba ya Ultrasonic ni igikorwa cyihuse, kandi impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu muvuduko w'amazi zigaragarira vuba mu itandukaniro ry'igihe cyapimwe. Ibi bituma hamenyekana vuba itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'amazi, ibi bikaba ingirakamaro mu bikorwa nko kugenzura imiyoboro y'amazi, aho impinduka zitunguranye mu mikoreshereze y'amazi zishobora kumenyekana vuba.
3. Ibitekerezo ku bidukikije no ku mishinga
3.1 Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho
3.1.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bisaba ingano runaka y'uburebure bw'umuyoboro ugororotse hejuru no munsi y'aho metero ishyirwa. Ibi ni ukugira ngo amazi atembera neza kandi abe ameze neza mbere yuko yinjira muri metero, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo bipimwe neza. Ubusanzwe, uburebure bw'umuyoboro ugororotse hejuru bungana n'inshuro 5 kugeza ku 10 z'umurambararo w'umuyoboro n'uburebure bw'umuyoboro ugororotse bungana n'inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5 z'umurambararo w'umuyoboro. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hatagaragara ikibazo gikomeye cya rukuruzi, kuko ibi bishobora guhungabanya imbaraga rukuruzi ziri muri metero kandi bigahindura uburyo ibipimo bipimwe neza.
3.1.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic byoroshye cyane mu bijyanye n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho. Muri rusange bisaba uburebure buke bw'imiyoboro ugereranije na metero za elegitoroniki. Hari igihe uburebure bw'umuyoboro ugororotse bungana n'umurambararo w'umuyoboro inshuro 3 cyangwa munsi yawo bushobora kuba buhagije. Ibi bituma byoroha kubishyiraho mu buryo busanzwe bw'imiyoboro aho umwanya wo gukoresha imiyoboro ugororotse ushobora kuba muto. Ariko, ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bigomba gushyirwa ahantu urukuta rw'umuyoboro rumeze neza kandi rudafite ingese nyinshi cyangwa ingano, kuko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ihererekanya n'uburyo imiraba ya Ultrasonic yakira.
3.2 Uburyo bwo kwita ku bidukikije
3.2.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bipima uburyo amazi atwara amashanyarazi. Byagenewe gupima uburyo amazi atwara amashanyarazi agenda, kandi niba amazi afite ubushobozi buke cyane bwo gutwara amashanyarazi (nk'uko bimeze ku mazi asukuye cyane), EMF ishobora kuba idakomeye cyane ku buryo idashobora gupimwa neza. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze zishobora kubangamira imikorere ya moteri z'amazi za elegitoroniki. Mu nganda zifite moteri nini z'amashanyarazi, transformateur, cyangwa izindi soko z'imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi, uburinzi bwihariye cyangwa uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyira icyuma kugira ngo gipimwe neza.
3.2.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic birareba niba hari utubumbe tw'umwuka, ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, ndetse n'impinduka mu miterere y'amajwi y'amazi. Utubumbe tw'umwuka dushobora gukwirakwiza imiraba ya Ultrasonic, bigatuma hapimwa igihe cyo kuguruka kidakwiye. Ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, cyane cyane iyo ari binini cyangwa bifite ubunini bwinshi, bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku ikwirakwira ry'imiraba ya Ultrasonic. Byongeye kandi, impinduka mu bushyuhe, umunyu, cyangwa ubukana bw'amazi zishobora guhindura imiterere yayo ya acoustic, bishobora gusaba ko habaho ivugurura ry'imiterere mu bihe bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo hakomeze gupimwa neza.
4. Ibiciro by'ingenzi
4.1 Ikiguzi cy'ibanze
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki muri rusange bifite ikiguzi kinini cyo gutangira. Ibi biterwa n'inzira igoye yo gukora irimo gukora ingufu za rukuruzi - ibice bitanga rukuruzi, electrodes zakozwe neza, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bikenewe mu gupima EMF iterwa. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi bwabyo, cyane cyane ibyo gukoresha amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amazi (kugira ngo amashanyarazi ashyushye), nabyo bigira uruhare mu kongera ikiguzi.
4.1.2 Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic nabyo bikunze kugira ikiguzi cyo gutangira kiri hejuru, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba biri hasi gato ugereranyije n'iby'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, bitewe n'icyitegererezo cyihariye n'uruganda. Ikiguzi giterwa ahanini n'ibikoresho bya Ultrasonic by'ubuhanga bwo hejuru, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bitunganya ibimenyetso, ndetse no gukenera gupima neza mu gihe cyo gukora. Ariko, uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda rikura n'ubukungu bw'ibipimo butangira gukoreshwa, ikiguzi cy'ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic cyagiye kigabanuka buhoro buhoro.
4.2 Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga
4.2.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Igiciro cyo kubungabunga ibyuma bipima amazi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ni gito cyane. Imirimo y'ingenzi yo kubungabunga ikubiyemo kugenzura no gusukura amashanyarazi buri gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ko yangirika, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku buryo ibipimo bitoroshye. Hari ubwo, niba ibice bitanga amashanyarazi bigaragaje ibimenyetso byo kwangirika cyangwa niba hari ibibazo ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko hakorwa igenzura ryimbitse cyangwa gusimbuza ibice. Ariko, kubera ko nta bice bigenda mu gice cyo gupima, ibisabwa mu kubungabunga muri rusange ntabwo biremereye cyane.
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic ubusanzwe bifite ikiguzi gito cyo kubungabunga. Kubera ko nta bice byimuka kandi ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic muri rusange biramba, inshingano nyamukuru yo kubungabunga ni ukureba buri gihe niba hari ibimenyetso by'uko ibyo bikoresho byangiritse cyangwa ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bitunganya ibimenyetso. Mu gihe amazi arimo ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bihagaze cyangwa aho hari ibyago byo kwanduza ibipimo by'amazi, gusukura ubuso bwa transducer rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ngombwa. Ariko muri rusange, ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibipimo by'amazi, ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bisaba gusanwa gake kandi bihendutse.
5. Porogaramu
5.1 Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki
Ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda aho gupima neza umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi atwara amazi ari ingenzi cyane. Ibi birimo inganda nko gukora imiti, gutanga amashanyarazi (yo gupima amazi akonje), no gukora ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa. Mu rwego rwo gutunganya amazi n'amazi yanduye, ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki bikoreshwa mu gupima umuvuduko w'amazi mabi, amazi yatunganyijwe, n'amazi yanduye. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu nyubako nini z'ubucuruzi n'amazu yo guturamo kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ikoreshwa ry'amazi.
Ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic bikoreshwa cyane mu gupima amazi mu ngo, cyane cyane aho bibanda ku gupima neza umuvuduko muto w'amazi no kumenya aho amazi ava. Bikoreshwa kandi mu buryo bwo kuhira mu buhinzi, aho amazi ashobora kuba arimo imyanda nk'umucanga n'umucanga, kandi uburyo bwo gupima butabangamira ikoranabuhanga bufasha kwirinda ibibazo bijyanye no kuziba cyangwa kwangirika kw'iyi myanda. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo by'amazi bya Ultrasonic birakwiriye gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ikwirakwiza amazi kugira ngo ikurikirane amazi anyura ahantu hatandukanye, harimo no mu duce dufite imiyoboro igoye aho ibisabwa byo gushyiraho ibipimo bya Ultrasonic ari akarusho.
Mu gusoza, ibipimo by'amazi bya elegitoroniki na ultrasonic bitanga ibyiza byihariye kandi bifite aho bishyirwa mu bikorwa. Guhitamo hagati yabyo byombi biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye nko ibisabwa byihariye mu ikoreshwa, imiterere y'amazi apimwa, aho ashyirwa, n'inyungu z'ikiguzi. Mu gusuzuma neza iri tandukaniro, abakoresha bashobora guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ryo gupima amazi kugira ngo rihuze n'ibyo bakeneye kugira ngo amazi abe nyayo, yizewe kandi ahendutse.gupima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-05-2025