Ibipimo by'amashanyarazizikoreshwa cyane mu nganda kugira ngo hapimwe neza amazi anyuramo. Ariko, hari ibihe byinshi aho ikoreshwa ryazo rishobora kuba ridakwiriye.
1. Amavuta adatwara umuyoboro w'amazi
Ibipimo by'amashanyarazibikora hashingiwe ku itegeko rya Faraday ryo kwinjizwa kwa electromagnetic. Bisaba ko amazi apimwe aba ayobora amashanyarazi. Iyo amazi ayobora atembera mu butaka bwa rukuruzi, voltage iterwa mu murambararo w'umuyoboro w'amazi, ibi bikaba bihuye n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Ku mazi adayobora amashanyarazi nka hydrocarbon nyinshi (urugero, lisansi, mazutu), amazi meza ari mu mimerere yo gutakaza ioni nyinshi, hamwe n'ibintu byinshi biyungurura ibinyabuzima, voltage iterwa iba iri hasi cyane cyangwa ntayo ibaho. Muri ibyo bihe, icyuma gipima amashanyarazi ntigishobora gupima neza umuvuduko w'amazi kuko kidafite uburyo bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi bukenewe kugira ngo gikore voltage iterwa ipimwa.
2. Amazi afite ibintu bikomeye cyangwa uduce duto cyane
Amazi arimo ibice bikomeye cyangwa ibintu bitera imbaraga bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku bipima amazi bikoresha amashanyarazi. Igice cy'imbere cy'umuyoboro w'amazi mu gipima amazi bikoresha amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza ya mashini. Ibice bitera imbaraga biri mu mazi bishobora kwangiza buhoro buhoro umurongo uko igihe kigenda gihita. Uko umurongo ugenda ushira, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bufatika bwo gupima ingufu ziterwa. Byongeye kandi, ibice bikomeye bishobora no gutuma amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gipima amazi akoreshwa mu gipima amazi akoreshwa mu gipimo. Izi mashini ni ingenzi mu kumenya ingufu ziterwa n'amashanyarazi. Kuziba bishobora kwangiza isano ry'amashanyarazi hagati y'amazi n'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho isesengura ry'amazi ritagenda neza cyangwa rihindagurika. Urugero, mu miyoboro y'amabuye y'agaciro aho icyuma gikoresha amazi akoreshwa mu gucukura kirimo amabuye y'agaciro menshi akoreshwa mu gucukura, icyuma gikoresha amazi akoreshwa mu gucukura gishobora kuba atari cyo gihitamo cyiza kuko igihe cyo kubaho no gupima neza byakwangirika cyane.
3. Imiterere y'amazi make
Ibipimo by'amashanyaraziifite umuvuduko muto w’amazi urenze uwo imikorere yayo igabanuka. Iyo amazi atemba ari make cyane, ingufu zikomoka ku mazi atemba ziba nke cyane. Iyi ngufu nto ishobora kwangizwa byoroshye n’urusaku rw’amashanyarazi n’izindi mpamvu zibangamira. Igipimo cy’urusaku ku kimenyetso kiba kibi, bigatuma bigora icyuma gutandukanya neza ingufu zikomoka ku mazi zijyanye n’urusaku rw’inyuma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubuziranenge bw’igipimo cy’icyuma gipima amazi mu gihe amazi atemba mu buryo budahagije akenshi buba bubi, kandi gishobora kutabasha gutanga amakuru yizewe y’umuvuduko w’amazi. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu mikoreshereze aho umuvuduko w’amazi uhinduka cyane kandi ushobora kugabanuka cyane mu gihe kirekire, nko muri zimwe mu nzira nto za shimi cyangwa muri sisitemu zitanga amazi mu gihe cy’ubukene buke.
4. Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi (Birenze imipaka y'ibipimo)
Buri gipimisho cy'amashanyaraziyagenewe gukora mu rugero runaka rw'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi cyangwa umuvuduko urenze iyi mipaka, bishobora guteza ibibazo. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'amashanyarazi n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri flowmeter, nk'ibikoresho byo mu gitereko n'uburyo electrodes zishyirwamo. Urwego rushobora kwaguka, gucika, cyangwa ndetse no kwangirika mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bishobora gutuma amazi ava cyangwa impinduka mu miterere y'umuyoboro w'amazi, bityo bigira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye bwo gupima. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umuvuduko mwinshi ushobora gushyira umuvuduko ukabije ku muyoboro w'amazi n'ibice byawo. Iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru cyane, ushobora gutuma umuyoboro w'amazi uhinduka cyangwa ugacika, bigatuma flowmeter idakora. Mu ikoreshwa ry'amazi ashyushye cyane, nko mu ziko zimwe na zimwe z'inganda zishyuha cyane, cyangwa mu miyoboro y'amazi ashyushye cyane mu nganda za peteroli na gaze aho umuvuduko ushobora kugera ku rugero rwo hejuru cyane, flowmeter y'amashanyarazi ishobora kudakwiranye keretse yagenewe umwihariko iyo mimerere ikabije.
Mu gusoza, mu giheibipimo by'urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyaraziBitanga inyungu nyinshi mu gupima amazi, ni ngombwa gusuzuma witonze imiterere y'amazi, imiterere y'imikorere, n'imiterere y'amazi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ari yo mahitamo akwiye. Mu bihe byavuzwe haruguru, ubundi buryo bwo gupima amazi bushobora kuba bwiza kurushaho kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kandi byizewe igipimo cy'amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-10-2025