Ibisabwa mu buhanga ku bipima amashanyarazi: Kwemeza ko ari inyangamugayo kandi ko ari inyangamugayo

1. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imikorere

1.1 Ubuziranenge n'Isubiramo

• Ubuziranenge busanzwe:EMFsigomba kugera kuri ± 0.5% kugeza ± 1% by'igipimo cy'amazi yapimwe mu rwego rw'imikorere, hamwe n'uburyo bwiza butanga ukuri kwa ± 0.2%. Ibi bigomba kwemezwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bisanzwe (urugero, ISO 9104 yo gupima amazi atembera).
• Gusubiramo: Impinduka mu bipimo bisubirwamo ntizigomba kurenza ± 0.1% by'umuvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo habeho uburinganire mu bikorwa by'ingenzi nko gupima imiti cyangwa kwishyura amazi.

1.2 Ingano y'Imvura n'Ingano y'Ihindagurika ry'Imvura

• Ingano y'umuvuduko: Ishobora gupima umuvuduko w'amazi kuva kuri 0.1 m/s (ikoreshwa ry'amazi make nka sisitemu za laboratwari) kugeza kuri 15 m/s (imiyoboro y'inganda ifite umuvuduko mwinshi).
• Igipimo cyo guhindagurika: Nibura igipimo cya 20: 1 (urugero, gipima 0.5–10 m/s) ni cyo gisanzwe, aho moderi zigezweho zitanga uburebure bwa 100: 1 ku bikorwa byagutse.

1.3 Uburyo bwo kuyobora amazi mu buryo bunyuramo

• Ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara: Ubushobozi bwo gutwara bugomba kuba bufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ≥5 μS/cm (ku mazi ashingiye ku mazi) kugira ngo butere imbaraga zipima z'amashanyarazi (EMF). Ku mazi adafite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi make (urugero: amazi adakozwemo ioni), hashobora gukenerwa electrode na amplifiers byabugenewe (≥0.5 μS/cm).
• Guhagarara kw'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi: Impinduka zihuse mu buryo bw'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi (urugero, bitewe no kuvanga imiti) zishobora gutera guhindagurika kw'ibipimo, bigasaba uburyo bwo kwishyura bwubatswemo.

2. Ibisabwa ku bidukikije n'imikorere

2.1 Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko

• Ubushyuhe bw'amazi:
  • Ubushyuhe busanzwe: -20°C kugeza 120°C (urugero, ku mazi n'amazi yanduye).
  • Ubushyuhe bwinshi: Kugeza kuri 200°C (hamwe n'imigozi yihariye nka PTFE cyangwa ibumba ikoreshwa mu nganda).
• Umuvuduko w'umuyoboro:
  • Umuvuduko muke: ≤1.6 MPa (isanzwe muri sisitemu z'umujyi).
  • Umuvuduko mwinshi: Kugeza kuri 40 MPa (ku bijyanye no gukoresha peteroli na gaze cyangwa hydraulic), bisaba imiterere ikomeye ya flanges no gupima umuvuduko kuri ASME B16.5.

2.2AmashanyaraziGuhuza (EMC)

• Ugomba kubahiriza amahame ya EMC (urugero, IEC 61326-1) kugira ngo urinde kubangamira moteri, transformateur, cyangwa amasoko ya radiyo (RF). Insinga zikingiwe n'ibice by'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi mu kugabanya urusaku.

2.3 Guturika no Kurwanya Ingese

• Kurinda ibisasu: Mu bice biteje akaga (urugero, ibimera bikomoka kuri peteroli),EMFs igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa nka ATEX, IECEx, cyangwa NEC 500 kugira ngo ikoresho zitekanye cyangwa zirinda umuriro.
• Ubudahangarwa n'Ingeso: Ibice bitose (electrodes na liners) bigomba kwihanganira amazi ashyushye:
  • Udupira: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) ikoreshwa mu kurwanya imiti, polyurethane ikoreshwa mu gushwanyagurika (urugero, uduce duto), cyangwa ceramic ikoreshwa mu gushwanyagurika ahantu hashyushye cyane/hakonje cyane.
  • Electrode: Ibikoresho nk'icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316L, Hastelloy C, cyangwa tantalum mu bintu bikunda kwangirika (urugero: amazi yo mu nyanja, aside).

3. Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho no gushyiramo imiyoboro

3.1 Imiyoboro igororotse

• Hejuru: Nibura umurambararo w'imiyoboro igororotse 5-10 mbere y'icyuma gipima amazi kugira ngo habeho gutemba neza, bigabanye ubwivumbure buturuka ku nkokora, ku mpande, cyangwa ku nkweto.
• Munsi y'amazi: uburebure bw'imiyoboro 2–5 y'umuyoboro ugororotse nyuma ya metero kugira ngo hirindwe imivurungano yo gusubira inyuma kw'amazi.

3.2 Icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho

• Ishobora gushyirwaho itambitse, ihagaze, cyangwa igororotse, ariko gushyiraho ihagaze (ifite amazi azamuka) ni byo byiza ku mazi afite ibintu bikomeye kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ahinduka.
• Ku bijyanye n'amazi ava mu gice cya kabiri cy'amazi, gushyiraho umwuka utambitse hamwe n'aho umwuka uva neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibibyimba byirundanya mu muyoboro wo gupimisha.

3.3 Gushyira hasi amashanyarazi

• Impeta cyangwa electrode yo gufunga bigomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo hakurweho itandukaniro rishobora kubaho hagati y'amazi n'icyuma gipima, kugira ngo habeho ukuriEMFgupima. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu miyoboro idatwara amazi (urugero, PVC).

4. Isohoka ry'ibimenyetso no guhuza ikoranabuhanga

4.1 Ibimenyetso bya Analogi n'Ibya Digital

• Analoji: 4–20 mA output (itandukanyijwe) hamwe n'ikosa rya linearity rya ≤0.1%, rikwiriye sisitemu zo kugenzura za kera.
• Ikoranabuhanga: MODBUS RTU/TCP, HART, cyangwa Profibus DP yo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, bigatuma habaho guhuza na sisitemu za SCADA cyangwa urubuga rwa IoT rushingiye ku bicu.

4.2 Gushakisha no gusuzuma amakuru

• Ububiko bwubatswemo bwo kubika amakuru y’inzira, ibyabaye mu gihe cy’impanuka, n’ibipimo byo gusuzuma (urugero, gutwikira electrode, kwambara kw’imirongo). Moderi zigezweho zitanga ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga amakuru binyuze mu guhuza umugozi (urugero, Bluetooth, 4G).

5. Gupima no kwemeza

5.1 Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima

• Gupima uruganda hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho (urugero, laboratwari zemewe na ISO 17025) hakoreshejwe ibinyobwa fatizo (ubusanzwe amazi). Gupima ubutaka bishobora gusaba ko umuntu ashobora gutwaragutembaibikoresho byo kugenzura cyangwa uburyo bwo kugereranya.
• Ku bijyanye no kohereza amafaranga ku bakozi (urugero, gucuruza amazi), ibipimo bigomba gupimwa buri gihe (urugero, buri mwaka) kandi bikubahiriza amahame yemewe n'amategeko agenga ibipimo (urugero, OIML R49, MID muri EU).

5.2 Impamyabushobozi z'inganda

• Amazi ya Komini: NSF/ANSI 61 ku bikoresho byo gukoresha amazi meza.
• Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: 3-A Amahame y'Ubuziranenge cyangwa EHEDG ku miterere y'isuku (imigozi yoroshye, electrode zidafite imiterere).
• Inganda: Icyemezo cya CSA, CE, cyangwa UL cy'umutekano n'imikorere myiza ku masoko bigenewe.

6. Kwizerwa no kubungabunga

6.1 Ihindagurika ry'igihe kirekire

• Uko igihe kigenda gihita ntibigomba kurenza ± 0.2% by'ubushyuhe bwose ku mwaka, bishyigikiwe n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe n'imikorere ya auto-zero mu kurwanya polarisation ya electrode.
• MTBF (Igihe Giciriritse Hagati y'Ikosa): Amasaha ≥100.000 ku bice by'ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n'ibice bishobora gusimburwa (urugero, bateri zo mu byuma bikoresha bateri) byagenewe koroshya serivisi yo mu murima.

6.2 Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kurwanya umwanda

• Ku mazi afashe cyangwa akoresha icyuma gipima (urugero: amazi yanduye), ibintu nk'ibishyushya, gusukura amashanyarazi, cyangwa gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bigabanya ubwiyongere bw'amazi kandi bigakomeza ubuziranenge bwo gupima.

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